Acharya Tankeshwar

Blood Collection Tubes: Significance of Color Coding

Columbia CNA Agar: Composition, Uses, and Results

Serial Dilution Method for Estimating Viable Count of Bacteria

Types of Swabs and Their Uses

Bacteriological Agar: Properties and Uses

Best Practices for Preparation of Culture Media

Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) Medium: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Traveling to Capetown to Attend Neisseria Conference

Beneficial Microorganisms and Their Use

Sterilization and Disinfection Methods

Lysine Iron Agar (LIA): Principle, Composition, Results, and Uses

Gram Positive Cocci of Medical Importance

Litmus Milk Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Malonate Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

MRS Broth Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Acetamide Utilization Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Hookworm: Characteristics, Life Cycle, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis

Size of Bacteria: Giant, Smallest, and Regular Ones

Differences Between Bacteria and Viruses

Bacterial vs Viral Infections: Similarities and Differences

Designing PCR Primers: 6 Useful Tips

Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Characteristics and Diagnosis

Rhizopus and Mucor: Characteristics and Diagnosis

Monkeypox vs Chickenpox

Antibody Affinity vs. Antibody Avidity

Total Laboratory Automation (TLA) in Clinical Microbiology

Galactomannan Test for Invasive Aspergillosis

API and RAPID ID For Microbial Identification

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Chicken Pox and Shingles

Which Probiotics to Use?

Adjuvants: Types and Functions

Killed or Live Vaccine, Which One to Choose?

Taenia Solium: Life Cycle, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis

Ascaris lumbricoides: Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Borrelia species: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Naegleria fowleri: Characteristics, Life Cycle and Lab Diagnosis

Infective dose (ID) and Lethal Dose (LD)

Treponema pallidum: Properties, Pathogenesis, and Disease

Toxoplasma gondii: Properties, Life Cycle, and Diagnosis

Microbiology Journals and Their Impact Factors

How do Probiotics work?

Microbial Jargons and Their Meaning

Microorganisms with Probiotic Properties

Probiotics, Prebiotics and Health Benefits

Cell Wall–Deficient Bacteria

Virus: Properties, Diseases, and Lab Diagnosis

Mutation and Types of Mutations

Nutritional Types of Bacteria

Archaea: Characteristics, Similarities, Differences with Bacteria

Spirochetes: Morphology, Classification, Disease

Normal Flora of the Skin-Skin Microbiome

Candida auris: Transmission, Risk, Diagnosis, Treatment

Epitopes: Types, Function, Epitope Spreading

Bacillus cereus: Morphology, Disease, Biochemical Tests

Moraxella catarrhalis: Properties, Lab Diagnosis

Cells of the Immune System

IgE Antibodies: Structure, Properties, and Functions

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease): Clinical Features, Diagnosis

Serratia marcescens: Properties, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis

Ct Value in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR

Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Demonstration of Treponema pallidum Using Dark-Field Microscopy

Critical (Panic) Values in Microbiology

Microbiology Sample Collection Guidelines and Rejection Criteria

Bacterial Quorum Sensing

WHO AWaRe Classification of Antibiotics

Bacteroides fragilis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Actinomyces: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis

Sample Collections for Lab Diagnosis of Fungal Infections

Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM): Composition, Preparation, Uses

Antigen Testing for COVID-19: Principle, Procedure, Results

mRNA Vaccine: What it is and How it works?

Francisella tularensis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei: Properties, Lab Diagnosis

Leptospira interrogans: Characteristics, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Bacteriophage: Structure, Replication, Uses

Nocardia: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Cytopathic effect (CPE) of Viruses: Types with Examples

Shell Vial Cell Culture: Principle, Procedure and Uses

Radioimmunoassay: Principle, Uses, Limitations

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) Test

Neutralization Test for Virus and Toxins

Embryonated Egg Cultures for Viruses

Legionella pneumophila: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Filtration Sterilization: Types, Mechanism, Uses

Clostridium perfringens: Properties, Diseases, Diagnosis

Clostridium tetani: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Clostridium botulinum: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Radiation Sterilization: Types, Mechanism, Applications

Yersinia pestis: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis

Bacillus anthracis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS): Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Phagocytosis: Mechanism and Steps

Disinfection: Methods and Uses

SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for the diagnosis of COVID-19

Listeria monocytogenes: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Factors

Isotypes, Allotypes, and Idiotypes

IgA Antibodies: Structure, Properties, and Functions

Toxins of Clostridium perfringens and their roles

Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) Structure and Classes

Testing Methods for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action, Resistance

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)

GasPak Anaerobic System: Principle, Application

Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors: Roles in Pathogenesis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) Virulence Factors

Immunochromatography/ Lateral Flow Immunoassay: Principle and Uses

SARS-CoV-2: Properties, Transmission, and Prevention

Viral Transport Media (VTM): Preparation, Uses

Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2: Diagnosis of COVID-19

Herd Immunity: Types, Threshold, Usefulness

Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Production Test

Bacterial Typing Methods: Aim, Attributes, Types

Phage Typing Method: Principle, Procedure, Results

Anaerobic infections: Etiology, Characteristics, Diagnosis

Serotypes and Their Significance

Gram-Positive Bacilli (Rods) and Diseases

Real-time PCR: Principles and Applications

Nested PCR: Principle and Applications

Multiplex PCR: Principle, Applications

Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR: Principles, Applications

Blastomyces dermatitidis: Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Tinsdale Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Rapid Carbohydrate Utilization Test (RCUT) for Neisseria

Furazolidone Susceptibility Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Pneumocystis jirovecii: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Lac Operon: Mechanism and Regulation

Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles

Staphylococcus aureus: Virulence Factors

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin)

Sabin-Feldman dye test: Principle and Limitations

Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) test

Bactec Automated Blood Culture System

Ames Test: Mutagenicity Test for Carcinogens

Antigen Detection Test For Disease Diagnosis

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb): Harvesting, Types, Applications

Heterophile Antigen: Examples, Diagnostic Applications

Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE): Steps, Applications

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: Principle, Procedure, Results

Quality Control of Culture Media

Coombs Test: Types, Principle, Procedure, Results

Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA): Principle, Procedure, Results

Function of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

Difference between B Cells and T Cells

Aspergillus fumigatus: Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Laboratory diagnosis of Fungal Infections

Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Properties, Disease, Diagnosis

Klebsiella pneumoniae: Properties, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis

Superantigen (SAg): Examples and Roles

Proteus species: Properties, Diseases, Identification

Haemophilus Influenzae: Virulence Factors

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Virulence Factors

Pus Sample: Collection, Processing, Staining and Culture

MRSA: Emergence, Types, Detection Methods

Antibodies Detection Tests for Disease Diagnosis

Bacteriophage Plaque Assay: Principle, Procedure, Results

DCA Agar: Composition, Colony Characteristics

Lab Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections

T Dependent Antigen, T Independent Antigen

Blood Culture: Indications, Timing, and Volume

IgG Antibodies: Structure, Subclasses, and Functions

Innate Immunity vs. Acquired Immunity

SEM vs. TEM Electron Microscopy

Traveler’s Diarrhea: Causes, Prevention, Treatment

Acinetobacter: Disease, Properties, Resistance

Journey to Atlanta to participate and present in ASM MICROBE 2018

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Replication, Pathogenesis

Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA): Composition, Preparation, Uses

MHC Class I vs. MHC Class II Protein

Antigen and Factors Affecting Immunogenicity

Blood Culture Test: Information for the Patient

Bacteria Associated with Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance

WHO: List of antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens” with new updated list (2024)

Pneumococcal Urinary Antigen Testing (UAT)

RDTs for Malaria Diagnosis: Principle, Results, Advantages

Carbohydrate Fermentation Test: Uses, Principle, Procedure, Results

Robertson’s Cooked Meat (RCM) Medium

Phenylalanine Deaminase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Microbes with Good and Bad Smell

Pour Plate Method: Procedure, Uses, (Dis) Advantages

Capsule Stain: Principle, Procedure, Results

Urea Breath Test (UBT): Principle, Procedure, and Results

Immunization Schedule from Birth-18 Years (Infographics)

Alkaline Peptone Water (APW): Composition, Preparation, and Uses

Cary-Blair transport medium: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar: Composition, Principle and Results

Travelling to Vietnam to attend Summer School in “Molecular phylogenetics”

McIntosh and Fildes’ Anaerobic Jar

How I became Microbiologist- my interview in idstewardship

Giardia lamblia: Life Cycle, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis

Entero Test (String test): Principle, Procedure, Uses

Streak Plate Method: Principle, Procedure, Uses

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):  Steps, Types, Applications

Baltimore system of Classifications of Viruses

Histoplasma capsulatum: Properties, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis

Modified Thayer-Martin Agar: Preparation, Uses

Entamoeba histolytica: Life Cycle, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis

Preparation of McFarland Turbidity Standards

Kato Katz Technique: Principle, Procedure, Results

X and V factor test for Haemophilus

Cryptococcus neoformans: Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Simple Staining: Principle, Procedure, Uses

KOH Mount: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Löwenstein–Jensen (LJ) Medium: Preparation, Uses

IgM Antibodies: Structure, Properties, and Functions

Pigment Producing Pathogenic Bacteria

Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli of Medical Significance

Properties of Orthomyxoviruses and Paramyxoviruses

Candida albicans: Pathogenesis, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis

Nutrient Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Lab Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infections

TPHA: Principle, Procedure, Results, Interpretations

Dengue Virus: Properties, Pathogenesis, and Lab Diagnosis

NNN medium:  Composition, Preparation, Results

Oxidative fermentative (OF) test:  Principle, Procedure, Results

Zika virus: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis

Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence Factors

Helicobacter Pylori Tests and Results

GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay

Quellung reaction: Principle, Procedure, Results

Amoebic dysentery vs. Bacillary dysentery

Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) Test

Taenia solium vs. Taenia saginata

Fecal Transplant: Principle, Procedure, Uses

Widal Test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Limitation

Clostridioides difficile: Characteristics, Disease, Lab Diagnosis

Staphylococcus vs. Micrococcus

Neisseria gonorrhoeae vs. Neisseria meningitidis

Elek Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Streptococcus Pyogenes (GAS): Characteristics, Diseases, Tests

Staphylococcus vs. Streptococcus

Modified Oxidase Test (Microdase): Procedure, Uses

Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Procedure, Results

Tests for Bacterial Motility: Procedure, Results

Direct Saline and Iodine Wet Mount

Germ Tube Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Infective Stages of the Parasites (with examples)

MCQ: Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Related Diseases

Acetate Utilization Test: Principle, Procedure, Uses

Butyrate Disk Test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Buffy Coat: Definition, Preparation, Uses

Endospore Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results

API 20E Test System: Results and Interpretations

Complement Fixation Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Nitrocefin test: Principle, Procedure, Uses

Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorochrome Staining

Voges Proskauer (VP) Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

CLED Agar: Composition, Uses, Colony Characteristics

Decarboxylation Test: Types, Principles, Uses

Hippurate Hydrolysis Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Lancefield Classification of Streptococci

Monospot test: Principle, Procedure, Uses

Tween 80 Hydrolysis Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus: Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis

Teixobactin: Introduction, Mechanism of Action, Uses

ONPG (β-galactosidase) Test: Principle, Procedure and Results

Gram Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results

Nitrate Reduction Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar: Composition, Uses

Culture media for Salmonella typhi and paratyphi

String test for Lab diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae

Relationship between Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria

E-TEST (Epsilometer): Principle, Procedure, Results

Modified Hodge Test (MHT) for Carbapenemase Detection

Stokes Disc Diffusion Method: Principle, Procedure, Results

Hemagglutination Inhibition Test: Principle, Procedure, Uses

DNase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Atypical Mycobacterial Infections

Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mounts

Ebola Virus: Properties, Disease, and Diagnosis

Hanging Drop Method for Bacterial Motility

Toluidine Blue Staining in Microbiology: Procedure, Uses

Urine Sample Collection and Processing for the Diagnosis of UTI

Etiology and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Microscopic Identification of Fungi (Yeasts, Molds)

Common Fungal Culture Media: Their Uses

New York City Medium: Composition, Uses

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Methyl Red (MR) Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Flagella Staining: Procedure, Results

Microbiology Laboratory Safety Rules and Procedure

Bile-Esculin test for Enterococcus species

Salt Tolerance Test for Enterococcus species

Ethylene Oxide (ETO) Sterilization: Features and Limitations

Robert Koch and Koch’s postulates

Why does DNA virus replicate in the nucleus and RNA virus in cytoplasm?

Dry-Heat Sterilization: Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages

Moist Heat Sterilization: Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages

Ziehl-Neelsen Technique-AFB Staining

Broth Dilution Method for MIC Determination

PYR Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

CAMP Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Trans-Isolate (T-I) Medium: Inoculation and Transport

Brucella: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Handwashing and hygiene: Why do we wash our hands

Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBT) for Brucella

MCQs in Microbiology Test Quiz

Typhus Fever: Characteristics and Lab Diagnosis

Vibrio Cholerae: Characteristics, Pathogenesis, and Lab Diagnosis

Coxiella burnetii: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Catalase test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Cellophane (Scotch) Tape Preparation for Pinworm Examination

Lab Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis

Lists of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Properties of Enterobacteriaceae Family

Weil Felix Test: Principle, Procedure, Limitation

Bacterial Transformation: Mechanism

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHFs)

Generalized transduction: Mechanism

Specialized transduction: Steps

Conjugation: Transfer of Chromosomal DNA by HFr Strains

Gene Transfer Mechanism in Bacteria and It’s types

Mechanism of Conjugation in Bacteria: The transfer of F Plasmid

What are the roles of Medical Microbiologist?

TCBS Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) Agar

Chocolate Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Colony Morphology of Bacteria

Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swab: Collection and Transport

Infectious causes of Cancer: Bacteria, Virus and Parasites

Sputum Sample: Collection, Transport, Staining, and Culture

Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Guidelines and Best Practices

What does Susceptible, Intermediate, and Resistant Mean?

Preparation of Antibiotic Stock Solutions and Discs

Transport and Storage of Antimicrobial Discs

Satellitism Test for Haemophilus influenzae

EMB Agar: Composition, Principle, and Colony Morphology

Blood Agar and Types of Hemolysis

MacConkey Agar: Composition, Uses, Colony Characteristics

Mannitol Salt Agar: Principle, Uses, and Results

RPR Test: Principle, Procedure, Interpretations

Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Bacteria

Funny Name of Infectious Diseases

Types of Staining Techniques Used in Microbiology

MCQs in History of Microbiology (Part II)

Anti-streptolysin O Titer (ASOT): Principle, Procedure, and Results

CSF Sample: Collection, Processing, Staining, and Culture

Measles virus: Structure, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Inducible Clindamycin Resistance (D Test)

Sporothrix: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis

Biosafety Levels and Agents of Disease

Haemophilus influenzae: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis

Biochemical Tests to identify Mycobacteria, NTM

IMViC Tests: Principle, Procedure, Results

Novobiocin Susceptibility Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Common Cause of Bacteremia and Sepsis

Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA): Composition, Preparation, Uses

MUG (Beta-Glucuronidase) Test for E. coli

Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar: Principle, Results, and Interpretation

Why is common cold so common?

Resistant to HIV infection: what makes it?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Disease, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Neisseria meningitidis Virulence Factors

Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis

FTA-ABS Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

VDRL Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

MCQs in History of Microbiology (Part I)

Dimorphic Fungi: Disease, Properties

Anaerobic Culture Media

Chlamydia trachomatis: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis

Extracellular and Intracellular Bacteria

Nobel Prizes for Research in Microbiology and Immunology

Microbiologists Just Want to Have Fun

Campylobacter Jejuni: Disease, Properties, Lab Diagnosis

Shigella: Disease, Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Bacitracin Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Bile Solubility Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Citrate Utilization Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Optochin Sensitivity Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Properties, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis

Bacterial Growth Curve: Phases, Significance

Biosafety level 2 (BSL2) guidelines for teaching laboratories

MCQs Bacteriology (61-70): Sexually Transmitted Infections

Oxygen Requirements for Pathogenic Bacteria

Biosafety level 1 (BSL1) guidelines for teaching laboratories

Biochemical Tests for Bacterial Identification

MCQ Bacteriology (51-60): Question with Answers

Interesting Facts about Microorganisms

Shapes of Bacteria: Cocci, Bacilli, and Spirochetes

Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift in Influenza Virus

Culture Media: PH Indicators, Color of Colonies

Career Opportunities for Microbiologist

E. coli: Only bacterium that wins records number of Nobel Prizes

Why does influenza come back year after year?

Motility Patterns of Bacteria

Peptidoglycan: Structure, Function

Cytoplasmic Granules in Bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Layer

Teichoic Acid: Structure, Types, and Functions

Transposons: Definition, Types, Functions

Bacterial Capsule: Importance, Capsulated Bacteria

Flagella: Structure, Arrangement, Function

Bacterial Pili (Fimbriae): Types, Functions

Bacterial Spores: Structure and Spore-Forming Bacteria

Differences between Exotoxins and Endotoxins

Escherichia coli: Properties and Identification

Salmonella: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis

Staphylococcus aureus: Disease, Properties, Lab Diagnosis

Pathogenicity Islands: Properties and Types

Category A Infectious Microorganisms

Hepatitis B Serology Test Result Interpretation

Food Poisoning: Definition, Causative Agents

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

Stool Sample: Collection and Transport

MCQs Immunology (41-55): Basic Immunology with Answers

MCQs in Immunology (21-30): Antibodies-I (Answers with Explanations)

MCQs Immunology (31-40): Complement System with Answers

Immunology MCQs (1-10): Answers with Explanations

Immunology MCQs (11-20): Answers with Explanations

MCQs in Parasitology (11-20): Malaria with Answers

Life Cycle of P. falciparum vs. P. vivax

Oxidase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Urease Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Why Microbiology is the Most Interesting Subject

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis

MCQ in Immunology (71-85): Basic Concepts Answers with Explanation

Agglutination Tests: Types, Principle, Uses

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE): Principle, Procedure, Uses

Formal Ether Sedimentation Technique

MCQs Bacteriology (41-50): Bacterial Skin Infections

MCQs Bacteriology (31-40): Bacterial Infections

MCQs in Microbiology: Miscellaneous Topics

Leprosy: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

MCQs Bacteriology (21-30): Lab Diagnosis of Bacterial Disease

MCQ in Virology: Hepatitis and Related Viruses

Coagulase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

MCQs Virology (21-30) with Answers

MCQs Bacteriology (11-20): Bacterial Infections with Answers

Direct ELISA (Sandwich ELISA) Test for Antigen Detection

ELISA Test: Principle, Types, and Uses

MCQ Immunology (86-100): Antibodies-II with Answers

Top Ten MCQs about Rickettsial Disease

Indole Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Lab Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)

Leishmaniasis: Types, Transmission, and Control

Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria

Asexual Life Cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum

MCQs Bacteriology (1-10): With Answers and Explanations

MCQs Parasitology (1-10) with Answers

MCQs Mycology with Answers

Cultivation of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

Membrane Filter Technique

Maintenance and Preservation of Organisms

Enumeration of Bacteria: Methods and Uses

Bacterial Culture Media: Classification, Types, Uses

Antigen-Antibody Reactions: Agglutination and types

Continuous Cell Line

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Structure, Clinical Feature, Lab Diagnosis

Influenza (flu) Virus: Classification, Structure, and Diagnosis

Laboratory diagnosis of HIV Infection

General Microbiology MCQs with Answers (11-21)

General Microbiology MCQs with Answer Keys (1-10)

Mumps Virus: Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, Lab Diagnosis

Poliovirus: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis

Polio Vaccine: Salk and Sabin vaccine

Cytokines: Types and Functions

Structure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Thick and Thin Blood Smear for Malaria Diagnosis

Rabies Virus: Structure, Pathogenesis, and Lab Diagnosis

MCQ Immunology (56-70): Hypersensitivity Answers with Explanations

MCQs in Virology (11-20) with Answers

MCQ on Virology (1-10) with Answers