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Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic elements that replicate independently of the host chromosome. They are small, circular (some are linear), double-stranded DNA molecules (mostly) that exist in bacterial cells and in some eukaryotes. The sizes of [...] -
The autoclave is a sealed device (similar to a pressure cooker) that kills microorganisms using saturated steam under pressure. The use of moist heat facilitates the killing of all microorganisms, including heat-resistant endospores which is [...] -
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are defined as the antibodies derived from a single clone of plasma cell; all having the same antigen specificity, i.e. produced against a single epitope of an antigen. Polyclonal vs Monoclonal Antibodies [...] -
Common antigens (or antigens of similar nature) that are possessed by a variety of phylogenetically unrelated species are known as heterophile antigens. Antibodies induced by these antigens cross-react with individual heterophilic antigen, such antibodies are [...] -
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful molecular typing technique by which genomic DNA is isolated from the organism of interest followed by restriction enzyme analysis. The digestion products are then analysed on an agarose [...]
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This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019 Streptococcus pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to as strep throat. Acute diseases associated with Streptococcus pyogenes occur chiefly in the respiratory tract (sinusitis, otitis), bloodstream (sepsis, [...] -
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This post was most recently updated on December 10th, 2016 Enterobacteriaceae family contains a large number of genera that are biochemically and genetically related to one another. Many of the traditional or familiar bacteria are [...] -
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Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are defined as the antibodies derived from a single clone of plasma cell; all having the same antigen specificity, i.e. produced against a single epitope of an antigen. Polyclonal vs Monoclonal Antibodies [...]
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