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Lactic acid bacteria benefits

Microorganisms with Probiotic Properties

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Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are most commonly used as probiotics. The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii and [...]
Health Benefits of Probiotics

Probiotics, Prebiotics and Health Benefits

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World Health Organization (WHO) defines “probiotics” as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a perceived health benefit on the host”.  These intentionally ingested microorganisms consist mainly of bacteria but also include yeasts. [...]

Cell Wall–Deficient Bacteria

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Last updated on June 30th, 2021 Although most prokaryotes cannot survive in nature without their cell walls, some do so naturally. These include the mycoplasmas, a group of pathogenic bacteria that causes several infectious diseases [...]

Virus: Introduction and Structural Properties

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Viruses are genetic elements that cannot replicate independently of a living host cell. Host cells provide energy, metabolic intermediates needed for replication and also synthesize viral proteins. As viruses need suitable living cells to multiply, [...]

Mutation and Types of Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. This gives rise to a new genetic trait or a changed genotype. A cell or an organism that shows the effect of a [...]
Sandwich ELISA
Immunology

ELISA Test: Principle, Materials, Procedure Results

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Last updated on June 1st, 2021 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test is the most widely used type of immunoassay. ELISA is a rapid test used for detecting or quantifying antibodies (Ab) against viruses, bacteria, and other materials […]

Gram stain procedure
Bacteriology

Gram Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results

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Last updated on June 17th, 2021 Gram staining method, the most important procedure in Microbiology, was developed by Danish physician Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram staining is still the cornerstone of bacterial identification and taxonomic […]

Bacteriology

API 20E Test System: Results and Interpretations

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Last updated on June 21st, 2021 API (Analytical Profile Index) 20E is a biochemical panel from bioMerieux, Inc. for the identification and differentiation of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The plastic strip holds twenty mini-test chambers […]

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