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Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections can be carried out by detection and identification of the parasites or their particular stages (ova/egg, cyst, larva or trophozoite) in the stool specimen. Stool sample collection: Stool specimen [...] -
Activation of B cells requires two signals. Depending on the nature of the antigen, B-cell activation proceeds by two different routes, one dependent on helper T cells (TH cells), the other not. In the case [...] -
The name measles is derived from the Latin, misellus, meaning miserable. Measles (also called Rubeola-(from rubeolus, Latin for reddish) ) is usually a disease of childhood (aged 3-10 years) and is followed by life-long immunity. [...] -
The function of Antibody (Ab) refers to the biological effect that antibody has on a pathogen or its toxin. In addition to binding an antigen (Ag), antibodies participate in various biological activities. Though they do [...] -
Leptospirosis (also known as weil’s disease) is one of the widespread zoonoses caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira and is found in virtually all tropical and temperate areas of the world. Adolf Weil described [...] -
T cells and B cells are white blood cells that are important cells for adaptive immunity. Like all blood cells, they are made in the bone marrow. While B-cells mature in the bone marrow, T-cells [...] -
Aspergillus is a ubiquitous mold found throughout the world in air, soil, water, and decaying vegetation. It is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections mainly in people with impaired immunity (people living with HIV/AIDS, having chronic [...] -
Early diagnosis of fungal infection is critical for effective treatment. For many decades, culture, direct microscopy, and histopathology have been the foundation for the diagnosis of fungal infections. Severely immunosuppressed patient population is continuously growing [...]
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Staphylococcus and Micrococcus both are Gram positive cocci (GPC). Both of these cocci are non-motile, non-sporing and Catalase Positive. Both of these organisms are normal flora of skin and mucous membranes of man and animals. Member [...] -
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Campylobacter usually causes diarrhea (often bloody). It is the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, enterocolitis especially in children. It causes systemic infection (rarely) in children and debilitated adults. Systemic infections (bacteremia), mostly by Campylobacter intestinalis. [...] -
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The function of Antibody (Ab) refers to the biological effect that antibody has on a pathogen or its toxin. In addition to binding an antigen (Ag), antibodies participate in various biological activities. Though they do [...]
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