Posts from 2013

Ethylene Oxide (ETO) Sterilization: Features and Limitations

Robert Koch and Koch’s postulates

Why does DNA virus replicate in the nucleus and RNA virus in cytoplasm?

Dry-Heat Sterilization: Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages

Moist Heat Sterilization: Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages

Ziehl-Neelsen Technique-AFB Staining

Broth Dilution Method for MIC Determination

PYR Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

CAMP Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results

Trans-Isolate (T-I) Medium: Inoculation and Transport

Brucella: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Handwashing and hygiene: Why do we wash our hands

Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBT) for Brucella

MCQs in Microbiology Test Quiz

Typhus Fever: Characteristics and Lab Diagnosis

Vibrio Cholerae: Characteristics, Pathogenesis, and Lab Diagnosis

Coxiella burnetii: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Catalase test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses

Cellophane (Scotch) Tape Preparation for Pinworm Examination

Lab Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis

Lists of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Properties of Enterobacteriaceae Family

Weil Felix Test: Principle, Procedure, Limitation

Bacterial Transformation: Mechanism

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHFs)

Generalized transduction: Mechanism

Specialized transduction: Steps

Conjugation: Transfer of Chromosomal DNA by HFr Strains

Gene Transfer Mechanism in Bacteria and It’s types

Mechanism of Conjugation in Bacteria: The transfer of F Plasmid

What are the roles of Medical Microbiologist?

TCBS Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) Agar

Chocolate Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses

Colony Morphology of Bacteria

Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swab: Collection and Transport

Infectious causes of Cancer: Bacteria, Virus and Parasites

Sputum Sample: Collection, Transport, Staining, and Culture

Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Guidelines and Best Practices

What does Susceptible, Intermediate, and Resistant Mean?

Preparation of Antibiotic Stock Solutions and Discs

Transport and Storage of Antimicrobial Discs

Satellitism Test for Haemophilus influenzae

EMB Agar: Composition, Principle, and Colony Morphology

Blood Agar and Types of Hemolysis

MacConkey Agar: Composition, Uses, Colony Characteristics

Mannitol Salt Agar: Principle, Uses, and Results

RPR Test: Principle, Procedure, Interpretations

Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Bacteria

Funny Name of Infectious Diseases

Types of Staining Techniques Used in Microbiology

MCQs in History of Microbiology (Part II)

Anti-streptolysin O Titer (ASOT): Principle, Procedure, and Results

CSF Sample: Collection, Processing, Staining, and Culture

Measles virus: Structure, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Inducible Clindamycin Resistance (D Test)

Sporothrix: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis

Biosafety Levels and Agents of Disease

Haemophilus influenzae: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis

Biochemical Tests to identify Mycobacteria, NTM

IMViC Tests: Principle, Procedure, Results

Novobiocin Susceptibility Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Common Cause of Bacteremia and Sepsis

Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA): Composition, Preparation, Uses

MUG (Beta-Glucuronidase) Test for E. coli

Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar: Principle, Results, and Interpretation

Why is common cold so common?

Resistant to HIV infection: what makes it?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Disease, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Neisseria meningitidis Virulence Factors

Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis

FTA-ABS Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

VDRL Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

MCQs in History of Microbiology (Part I)

Dimorphic Fungi: Disease, Properties

Anaerobic Culture Media

Chlamydia trachomatis: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis

Extracellular and Intracellular Bacteria

Nobel Prizes for Research in Microbiology and Immunology

Microbiologists Just Want to Have Fun

Campylobacter Jejuni: Disease, Properties, Lab Diagnosis

Shigella: Disease, Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Bacitracin Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Bile Solubility Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Citrate Utilization Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Optochin Sensitivity Test: Principle, Procedure, Results

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Properties, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis

Bacterial Growth Curve: Phases, Significance

Biosafety level 2 (BSL2) guidelines for teaching laboratories

MCQs Bacteriology (61-70): Sexually Transmitted Infections

Oxygen Requirements for Pathogenic Bacteria

Biosafety level 1 (BSL1) guidelines for teaching laboratories

Biochemical Tests for Bacterial Identification

MCQ Bacteriology (51-60): Question with Answers

Interesting Facts about Microorganisms

Shapes of Bacteria: Cocci, Bacilli, and Spirochetes

Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift in Influenza Virus

Culture Media: PH Indicators, Color of Colonies

Career Opportunities for Microbiologist

E. coli: Only bacterium that wins records number of Nobel Prizes

Why does influenza come back year after year?

Motility Patterns of Bacteria

Peptidoglycan: Structure, Function

Cytoplasmic Granules in Bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Layer

Teichoic Acid: Structure, Types, and Functions

Transposons: Definition, Types, Functions

Bacterial Capsule: Importance, Capsulated Bacteria

Flagella: Structure, Arrangement, Function

Bacterial Pili (Fimbriae): Types, Functions

Bacterial Spores: Structure and Spore-Forming Bacteria

Differences between Exotoxins and Endotoxins

Escherichia coli: Properties and Identification

Salmonella: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis

Staphylococcus aureus: Disease, Properties, Lab Diagnosis

Pathogenicity Islands: Properties and Types

Category A Infectious Microorganisms

Hepatitis B Serology Test Result Interpretation

Food Poisoning: Definition, Causative Agents

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

Stool Sample: Collection and Transport

MCQs Immunology (41-55): Basic Immunology with Answers

MCQs in Immunology (21-30): Antibodies-I (Answers with Explanations)

MCQs Immunology (31-40): Complement System with Answers

Immunology MCQs (1-10): Answers with Explanations

Immunology MCQs (11-20): Answers with Explanations

MCQs in Parasitology (11-20): Malaria with Answers

Life Cycle of P. falciparum vs. P. vivax