Last updated on June 21st, 2021The enzyme carbapenemase can be detected by various phenotypic and molecular methods. Phenotypic methods for carbapenemases detection are preferred over molecular techniques because they are rapid, affordable, accurate, and feasible […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowest concentration (expressed as mg/L or μg/μL) of an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the visible in-vitro growth of microorganisms. The MIC test […]
Last updated on June 1st, 2021McFarland turbidity standards are prepared by mixing various volumes of 1% sulfuric acid and 1% barium chloride to obtain solutions with specific optical densities. 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard provides an optical […]
Last updated on June 2nd, 2021The nitrocefin biochemical test is a sensitive technique for detecting beta-lactamase-producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, Staphylococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Nitrocefin is the only reliable test […]
Last updated on June 11th, 2021Epsilometer test (E- test ) is an ‘exponential gradient’ method of determination of antimicrobial resistance. The E-test has been developed to provide a direct quantification of antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms. This […]
Last updated on July 4th, 2021Modified Hodge test (MHT) is a simple phenotypic test for the detection of the presence of carbapenemase enzyme in bacteria. A positive MHT test is observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase […]
Last updated on June 11th, 2021Stokes disc diffusion technique varies from Kirby Bauer disc diffusion in the use of both control and test strain on a same plate. Stokes disc diffusion technique is not as highly […]
Last updated on July 5th, 2021Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test method is a reference method that could be used as a routine technique to test the susceptibility of a bacterial isolate in a clinical laboratory. The […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021World Health Organization has published the basic set of drugs for routine susceptibility testing in various situations. The drugs are divided into two sets. Set 1: It includes the drugs […]
Last updated on June 4th, 2021When the result of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is reported to the clinician, pathogenic microorganisms are classified into one of the three categories; “resistant”, “intermediate” or “susceptible”. Other less used categories are […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Antimicrobial agents that are chosen for testing against a particular bacterial isolate are referred to as the antimicrobial battery or panel. Selecting the appropriate antimicrobials for susceptibility testing can be difficult […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Preparation of antibiotic stock solutions Antibiotics may be received as powders or tablets. It is recommended to obtain pure antibiotics from commercial sources, and not use injectable solutions. Powders must […]
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