Coombs test (antiglobulin test) is used to detect the presence of ‘incomplete’ Rh antibodies i.e. IgG antibodies capable of sensitising RBCs but incapable of causing agglutination of RBCs (hemagglutination). Antiglobulin (Coombs) test was introduced by […]
The function of Antibody (Ab) refers to the biological effect that antibody has on a pathogen or its toxin. In addition to binding an antigen (Ag), antibodies participate in various biological activities. Though they do […]
T cells and B cells are white blood cells that are important cells for adaptive immunity. Like all blood cells, they are made in the bone marrow. While B-cells mature in the bone marrow, T-cells […]
Superantigens are microbial peptides that can polyclonally activate a large fraction of T cells (up to 20%). They escape normal antigen processing by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and can directly bind to T cell receptor […]
This post was most recently updated on March 2nd, 2019Antibodies are glycoproteins produced by our body in response to invading organisms or toxins (antigens). When a pathogen (bacteria, virus, protozoa or helminth) enters our body […]
This post was most recently updated on May 4th, 2019Activation of B cells requires two signals. Depending on the nature of the antigen, B-cell activation proceeds by two different routes, one dependent on helper T […]
This post was most recently updated on February 23rd, 2019This antibody crosses placenta and plays an important role in protecting the developing fetus. If i can write only a single sentence to introduce IgG, the […]
This post was most recently updated on February 26th, 2019Immunity is defined as the resistance offered by the host against microorganism(s) or any other foreign substance(s). Immunity can be broadly classified into two types: Innate […]
This post was most recently updated on February 26th, 2019The initial encounter of a naïve immune-competent lymphocyte with an antigen induces a primary immune response; a later contact of the host with the same antigen […]
This post was most recently updated on March 20th, 2019Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a tightly linked cluster of genes present in every mammalian species. The MHC is referred to as the HLA complex in humans […]
This post was most recently updated on April 20th, 2019The substance that induce a specific immune response and subsequently react with the products of a specific immune response is called antigen (it is more appropriately called […]
This post was most recently updated on April 28th, 2018The complement system is a part of the immune system, consists of a series of proteins that interact with one another in a highly regulated manner, […]
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