Hypersensitivity Type II: Mechanism and Clinical Manifestation
Unlike Type I hypersensitivity, Type II hypersensitivity reaction is an immediate reaction, showing a "hyper" or exaggerated response to harmless antigens within 24 hours. Type II hypersensitivity...
Hypersensitivity Type I: Mechanism and Clinical Manifestation
Various diseases result from inappropriate and immediate immune responses to common environmental components which are otherwise not harmful. Scientists Coombs and Gell have classified such responses...
Pregnancy Diagnostic Tests: Principle, Procedure, and Results
Most of the laboratory tests for pregnancy are based on detecting the presence of human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) in the woman's urine. The hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is secreted by...
Cell-mediated immunity is one of two arms of adaptive immunity, the other being humoral or antibody-mediated immunity. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is a complex series of events that involve the...
Antiviral drugs are any agents used to treat viral infections. Viruses are the leading cause of diseases and deaths in humans, animals, and plants. In humans, viral infections vary from...
Infections caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are the major threats worldwide. Fortunately, such infections are detectable. Detecting diseases in early-stage reduces...
