Immunochromatography is a combination of chromatography and immunoassay. This technology is in use to a wide array of tests for clinical, veterinary, and industrial applications. Depending on the assay, either antigen (for detection of antibody) […]
There are basically three ways to stop infectious diseases like covid19, one involves the interruption of transmission by using extraordinary restrictions including social distancing, another is vaccination (vaccine is in developing phase for Covid19), and […]
This post was most recently updated on March 25th, 2020Serotypes are groups within a single species of microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, which share distinctive surface structures. For example, all Salmonella bacteria look alike […]
The direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test is a rapid microscopic procedure for detecting the presence of a particular antigen (typically a specific protein on the surface of a virus, bacterium or other microbes) using a […]
This post was most recently updated on March 25th, 2020Detection of specific antigens present in the sample (blood, urine, CSF or stool) using immunologic methods such as precipitin tests, particle agglutination tests, immunofluorescence, immunochromatographic or […]
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are defined as the antibodies derived from a single clone of plasma cell; all having the same antigen specificity, i.e. produced against a single epitope of an antigen. Polyclonal vs Monoclonal Antibodies […]
Common antigens (or antigens of similar nature) that are possessed by a variety of phylogenetically unrelated species are known as heterophile antigens. Antibodies induced by these antigens cross-react with individual heterophilic antigen, such antibodies are […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Coombs test (antiglobulin test) is used to detect the presence of ‘incomplete’ Rh antibodies i.e. IgG antibodies capable of sensitising RBCs but incapable of causing agglutination […]
This post was most recently updated on March 28th, 2020The function of Antibody (Ab) refers to the biological effect that antibody has on a pathogen or its toxin. In addition to binding an antigen (Ag), […]
T cells and B cells are white blood cells that are important cells for adaptive immunity. Like all blood cells, they are made in the bone marrow. While B-cells mature in the bone marrow, T-cells […]
Superantigens are microbial peptides that can polyclonally activate a large fraction of T cells (up to 20%). They escape normal antigen processing by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and can directly bind to T cell receptor […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Antibodies are glycoproteins produced by our body in response to invading organisms or toxins (antigens). When a pathogen (bacteria, virus, protozoa or helminth) enters our body […]
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