Certain bacterial species liberate sulfur from sulfur-containing amino acids or other compounds in the form of H₂S. This ability of these bacteria can be used as an important characteristic of their identification. Hydrogen sulfide-positive organisms […]
Starch, the most important source of carbohydrate for human, is a polysaccharide mixture of two polymers, amylose and amylopectin, the latter being predominant. Amylose is a linear polysaccharide of several thousand α-D-glucose linked by 1,4-α-glycosidic […]
Furazolidone (Furoxone) disk test is performed as a disk susceptibility procedure using commercially available furazolidone disks. Staphylococci are inhibited by furazolidone but micrococci and related species are resistant. This is one of the commonly used […]
Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA) is used for the detection of carbohydrate fermentation. Reactions of KIA helps to include/exclude particular bacterial isolate in the family Enterobacteriaceae. If an organism cannot ferment glucose, then in KIA, alkaline […]
The carbohydrate fermentation test is used to determine whether or not bacteria can ferment a specific carbohydrate. Carbohydrate fermentation patterns are useful in differentiating among bacterial groups or species. It tests for the presence of acid […]
Robertson’s Cooked Meat (RCM) medium is used for the cultivation of aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic microorganisms, especially Clostridium species. It is also known as Cooked Meat Broth (CMB) as it contains pieces of fat-free minced […]
Phenylalanine deaminase test also known as phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) test is used to test the ability of an organism to produce enzyme deaminase. This enzyme removes the amine group from the amino acid phenylalanine and […]
Elek test is an in vitro immunoprecipitation (immunodiffusion) test to determine whether or not a strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is toxigenic. A test strip of filter paper containing diphtheria antitoxin is placed in the center […]
There are a variety of ways to determine the motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If a fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine […]
Lecithinase test or Nagler’s reaction is a biochemical test used to identify organisms that liberate phospholipases (lecithinases) e.g. Clostridium perfringens. The alpha (α) toxin of C. perfringens has phospholipase activity and hence, helps in the […]
Principle: Acetate Utilization Test is used to determine if an organism can use acetate as the sole source of carbon. (Another similar test in which organisms ability to utilize Citrate as a sole source of […]
Principle: The butyrate disk is a rapid test for the detection of the enzyme butyrate esterase in identifying Moraxella (Branhamella ) catarrhalis. This test helps to differentiate Neisseria gonorrhoeae (negative) and Moraxella catarrhalis (positive), both […]
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