Molecular biology is the field of biology concerned with the study of the composition, structure, and interactions of cellular molecules that are essential to life.
Molecular biology is mainly focused on nucleic acids (e.g., DNA and RNA) and proteins and emphasizes exploiting and manipulating the target genetic sequence.
A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. This gives rise to a new genetic trait or a changed genotype. A cell or an organism that shows the effect of a […]
Last updated on July 4th, 2021Southern blotting is a molecular technique to find target DNA sequences in a sample. It is a multi-step process, that begins with the electrophoresis of DNA, transfer of DNA fragments […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Real-time PCR also called quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a variant of standard polymerase chain reaction in which amplification and simultaneous quantitation of a target DNA is done in the same […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021Nested PCR is a modification of PCR designed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the assay reaction. It involves the use of two primer sets directed against the same […]
Last updated on July 4th, 2021Multiplex PCR is a variant of PCR method in which more than one target sequence are amplified using multiple sets of primers within a single PCR mixture. This enables amplification […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is a variation of the polymerase chain reaction that amplifies target RNA. Addition of reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme prior to PCR makes it possible to amplify […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021The lac operon is a well-known example of an inducible gene network that regulates the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli. It encodes the genes for the internalization […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful molecular typing technique by which genomic DNA is isolated from the organism of interest followed by restriction enzyme analysis. The digestion products are […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the most common electrophoresis techniques which is relatively simple and straightforward to perform but possesses great resolving power. The agarose gel consists of microscopic […]
Last updated on July 22nd, 2021Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an efficient and cost-effective molecular tool to copy or amplify small segments of DNA or RNA. PCR combines the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization […]
Last updated on June 14th, 2021The F+ strain which contains the plasmid gene as an episome (i.e. F plasmid becomes integrated into the host cell genome at one of the several possible sites of a chromosomal gene) […]
Last updated on June 14th, 2021Conjugation is one of the three mechanisms of DNA exchange between bacteria, the other being transformation, and transduction. Conjugation occurs between two living cells, involves cell to cell contact, and […]
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