Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are most commonly used as probiotics. The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii and […]
World Health Organization (WHO) defines “probiotics” as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a perceived health benefit on the host”. These intentionally ingested microorganisms consist mainly of bacteria but also include yeasts. […]
Last updated on June 30th, 2021Although most prokaryotes cannot survive in nature without their cell walls, some do so naturally. These include the mycoplasmas, a group of pathogenic bacteria that causes several infectious diseases of […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021All organisms require an energy source to drive energy-consuming life processes. Energy can be tapped from light or chemicals (organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals). Organisms that can utilize radiant energy […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021Cellular life on earth has evolved along three major lineages, called Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Comparative rRNA sequencing revealed these three distinct cellular lineages, also called domains. Bacteria and Archaea […]
Human skin is home to billions of diverse bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses with bacteria making up the vast majority. Typically, a person has around 1,000 species of bacteria on their skin. The skin microbiome is […]
Last updated on May 31st, 2021Adaptation is the key for the survival. Organisms with successful adaption strategies are more likely to survive than others. Dinosaurs failed to adapt to the new environment and therefore became […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Electron microscope as the name suggests is a type of microscope that uses electrons instead of visible light to illuminate the object. Electromagnets function as lenses in the electron microscope, […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Fluorescence microscopy is a type of light microscope that works on the principle of fluorescence. A substance is said to be fluorescent when it absorbs the energy of invisible shorter […]
Last updated on July 4th, 2021Radiation is currently used for sterilization and decontamination in the medical supplies (surgical supplies, vaccines, and drugs) and food industries. Two types of radiations are available; ionizing and non-ionizing. Radiation […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021Disinfection is a process whereby pathogenic organisms, but not necessarily all microorganisms or spores, are destroyed. Disinfection may be accomplished by physical or chemical means. A number of factors influence […]
Last updated on May 24th, 2021pH scale is used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on which neutrality is pH 7. The pH scale extends from pH 0.0 to pH 14.0, and […]
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