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Histology studies biological tissues that are preserved carefully, usually by embedding them in paraffin wax. These methods of careful preservation maintain relationships between cells and their...

Working in various laboratories requires familiarizing oneself with laboratory equipment. Chemistry laboratory perform tests that help determine the chemical properties of different elements and...

A hot plate is a portable tabletop machine that uniformly heats solutions and materials. They are safer than the bunsen burner because they do not consist of open flame but instead consist of the hot...

Laboratory glassware is the most used laboratory equipment in various laboratories. Among many glasswares, test tube is applicable in biological as well as chemical laboratories.   The...

Electrophoresis is a method used to separate macromolecules based on their charge, binding affinity, and size under an electric field. It is broadly categorized into capillary type and slab type...

Food spoilage is a metabolic process that results in changes in sensory properties that make food unsuitable or unpleasant for human ingestion. Spoiled foods may still be safe to eat—that is, they...