Staphylococcus epidermidis: the skin commensal that becomes the leading cause of prosthetic and catheter infection through biofilm. Its PIA/ica pathogenesis, novobiocin-sensitive l...
Gram positive cocci by arrangement, clusters, chains, pairs, and tetrads, covering Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Micrococcus with key identification tests
Staphylococcus saprophyticus: the coagulase-negative, novobiocin-resistant cause of honeymoon cystitis in young women, its urease-driven pathogenesis, and why the usual 100,000 CFU...
Viridans streptococci morphology, dental and endocarditis pathogenesis, and how optochin resistance and bile insolubility distinguish them from S. pneumoniae.
Enterococcus faecalis virulence factors, intrinsic antibiotic resistance, and the salt tolerance, bile esculin, and PYR tests used for lab diagnosis.
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep): neonatal sepsis and meningitis, GBS screening and intrapartum prophylaxis, beta-hemolysis, and the CAMP, bacitracin, and hippurate tests.
How to tell Staphylococcus and Micrococcus apart: morphology, catalase, bacitracin, furazolidone, and microdase test results compared.
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep): strep throat, invasive disease, and the sequelae rheumatic fever and PSGN, plus M protein, streptolysins, and bacitracin/PYR lab diagnosis.
Compare Staphylococcus and Streptococcus by morphology, catalase test, hemolysis pattern, and diseases caused, with a full comparison table.
Lancefield grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci by C-carbohydrate antigen, covering Groups A, B, C, D, and F with key lab tests.
Streptococcus pneumoniae: lancet-shaped diplococci, capsule-driven pathogenesis, alpha-hemolysis, optochin sensitivity and bile solubility for lab diagnosis.
Staphylococcus aureus: skin, wound, and surgical-site infection, virulence factors like coagulase and Protein A, MRSA, and catalase/coagulase tests for lab diagnosis.
