Identification, differentiation, and clinical significance of Enterobacteriaceae family members
Mixed acid fermentation splits glucose into a mixture of strong acids, lactate, acetate, formate, succinate, plus ethanol, in variable proportions. That flood of acid drops the pH...
Klebsiella oxytoca: Properties and Pathogenesis
Yersinia pestis: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis
A faint black line at the slant-butt junction is easy to overlook, and it's exactly the reaction that can point toward Salmonella Typhi. Full KIA principle, tube-reading rules, and...
Klebsiella pneumoniae: Properties, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis
How to set up, incubate, and read the API 20E strip: which wells need oil, which need reagents, how to run the 21st test (oxidase), and how to build the 7-digit profile number for...
Shigella: Disease, Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
E. coli: Only bacterium that wins records number of Nobel Prizes
Escherichia coli: Properties and Identification
Salmonella: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis
Purple in 10 seconds is positive. Purple at 90 seconds means something else. No color at all from a TCBS or MacConkey plate often means the test failed, not that the organism is ne...
