CLED (cysteine-, lactose-, and electrolyte-deficient) agar is a differential culture medium for use in isolating and enumerating bacteria in urine from the suspected cases of Urinary Tract Infection. CLED Agar supports the growth of all […]
Decarboxylases are a group of substrate specific enzymes that are capable of reacting with the carboxyl (COOH) portion of amino acids, forming alkaline-reacting amines and byproduct carbon dioxide. Increased pH of the medium is detected by […]
Hippurate is the glycine conjugate of benzoic acid. When hippurate is hydrolysed by an organism glycine and benzoic acid are formed. In the classical test (48 hour), The benzoic acid produced was detected using ferric […]
Streptococci are Gram positive cocci either diplococci (lanceolate shaped; S. pneumoniae) or in chains. They are catalase negative (An important test which differentiate it from another cocci, Staphylococci). This fastidious gram positive cocci may give […]
Tween 80 is the trade name of the detergent polyethylene derivative of sorbitan mono-oleate. Some Mycobacterium species posses an enzyme-lipase, that splits the compound and releases oleic acid and polyoxyethylated sorbitol. Positive reactions occur in […]
O-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) is structurally similar to lactose (i.e. ONPG is an analog of lactose), except that orthonitrophenyl has been substituted for glucose. On hydrolysis, through the action of the enzyme β-galactosidase, ONPG cleaves into two […]
Nitrate reduction test is used for the differentiation of members of Enterobacteriaceae on the basis of their ability to produce nitrate reductase enzyme that hydrolyze nitrate (NO3–) to nitrite (NO2–) which may then again be degraded […]
Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar was introduced in 1968 by Sylvia King and William I. Metzger. They formulated HE Agar medium while working at the Hektoen Institute in Chicago, to increase the recovery Salmonella and Shigella from clinical specimens. […]
Salmonella is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a Gram-negative bacilli, motile and non-lactose fermenter. The genus can be divided into two species (S. enterica and S. bongori), based on their phenotypic profile. […]
Principle String Test: When an isolated colony (18-24 hour growth) of a suspected bacterium is emulsified in Sodium deoxycholate or Sodium taurocholate (commonly known as bile salt),it lyses the cell wall of the bacterium releasing […]
DNA Hydrolysis test or Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) test is used to determine the ability of an organism to hydrolyze DNA and utilize it as a source of carbon and energy for growth. An agar medium; DNase agar, a […]
Methyl Red (MR) test determines whether the microbe performs mixed acids fermentation when supplied glucose. Types and proportion of fermentation products produced by anaerobic fermentation of glucose is one of the key taxonomic characteristics which […]
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