Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacteria, causes significant infection and disease worldwide. It is a most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in USA. General properties: Small group […]
Shigellae are Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming, rod-shaped highly infectious bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Shigella species include; Shigella sonnei, S. boydii, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae. Classification There are 4 major subgroups and 43 recognized serotypes of […]
Campylobacter usually causes diarrhea (often bloody). It is the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, enterocolitis, especially in children. It causes systemic infection (rarely) in children and debilitated adults. Systemic infections (bacteremia), mostly by Campylobacter intestinalis. […]
Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are sensitive to the chemical optochin (ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride). Optochin sensitivity allows for the presumptive identification of alpha-hemolytic streptococci as S. pneumoniae, although some pneumococcal strains are optochin-resistant. Other alpha-hemolytic streptococcal species are […]
The bile (sodium deoxycholate) solubility test distinguishes Streptococcus pneumoniae from all other alpha-hemolytic streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae is bile soluble whereas all other alpha-hemolytic streptococci are bile resistant. Sodium deoxycholate (2% in water) will lyse the […]
Citrate utilization test is commonly employed as part of a group of tests, the IMViC (Indole, Methyl Red, VP and Citrate) tests, that distinguish between members of the Enterobacteriaceae family based on their metabolic by-products. […]
Bacitracin is a bactericidal drug useful in the treatment of superficial skin infections but too toxic for systemic use. Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis. This drug interferes in the peptidoglycan synthesis […]
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram positive cocci, typically lancet shaped and occurs singly, in pairs (diplococci) or in short chains. Main diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: Bacterial pneumonia: Most common bacterial cause, especially in infants and […]
Malaria is a parasitic disease which is transmitted by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito which is harboring (carrying) Plasmodium spp ( protozoan responsible for malaria). In the latest study from Michigan State University […]
This bacterial growth curve reflects the events in bacterial population when they are grown in a closed system of microbial culture of fixed volume (i.e. batch culture).The typical growth curve for population of cells can […]
MCQ Bacteriology 59: A 70 year old woman with severe chronic lung disease presented in the OPD of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital with fever, productive cough with purulent sputum and worsening hypoxemia. Sputum sample was […]
Oxygen requirements of bacteria reflect the mechanism used by them, to satisfy their energy needs. On the basis of oxygen requirements, bacteria can be divided into following different categories: Aerobes: Aerobes grow in ambient air, which contains 21% […]
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