Salmonella is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacilli that moves with the use of its peritrichous flagella. The genus Salmonella can be divided into two species (S. enterica and S. bongori),...
Year: 2013
Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) is a commensal (normal flora) in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E.coli are harmless, some even benefit the hosts by producing...
Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are large groups of mobile genetic elements that are associated with pathogenicity and are located on the bacterial chromosome. These genetic elements are thought...
A category A substance (pathogen or agent) is “an infectious substance which is transported in a form that, when exposure to it occurs, is capable of causing permanent disability or...
Hepatitis B serologic testing involves the measurement of hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific antigens and antibodies. Different serologic markers are used to identify different phases of Hepatitis B...
Foodborne illness, also known as “foodborne disease,” “foodborne infection,” or “food poisoning, is an important public health burden worldwide. There are an estimated...