Last updated on June 17th, 2021Many gram-positive bacteria have acidic components called teichoic acids embedded in their cell wall. Teichoic acids were discovered in 1958 by Armstrong and co-authors. The term teichoic acid encompasses a […]
Last updated on June 18th, 2021Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer also called the outer membrane is the outermost layer present only in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. Braun’s lipoprotein tightly links this outer membrane of the […]
Last updated on May 30th, 2021Found mainly in Gram-negative organisms, fimbriae or pili (singular: pilus) are hair-like filaments (tiny hollow projections) that extend from the cell membrane into the external environment. A pilus is composed […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021Flagella (singular, flagellum) are the locomotory structures of many prokaryotes. The flagellum functions by rotation to push or pull the cell through a liquid medium. Bacterial Flagella Bacterial flagella are […]
Last updated on June 21st, 2021Bacterial spores are highly resistant, dormant structures (i.e. no metabolic activity) formed in response to adverse environmental conditions. When vegetative cells of certain bacteria such as Bacillus spp and Clostridium […]
Last updated on July 4th, 2021Some bacterial cells are surrounded by a viscous substance forming a covering layer or envelope around the cell wall, called capsule. Capsule can be visualized by light microscopy using special […]
Last updated on June 11th, 2021I strongly believe that Microbiology is the most interesting subject, blended with many interesting funny small creatures which are invisible to the naked eyes of humans. The world of these tiny […]
Last updated on June 6th, 2021Naming microorganisms is a very challenging game. Some of the names of microorganisms are given in honor of those persons who have discovered this organism. In some cases, the name […]
Last updated on July 2nd, 2021Coagulase test is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus (positive) from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Coagulase is an enzyme produced by S. aureus that converts soluble fibrinogen in plasma to insoluble fibrin. […]
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