Starch, the most important source of carbohydrate for human, is a polysaccharide mixture of two polymers, amylose and amylopectin, the latter being predominant. Amylose is a linear polysaccharide of several thousand α-D-glucose linked by 1,4-α-glycosidic […]
Identification of fungi depends largely on their macroscopic features (colony characteristics, growth rate, color, texture, diffusible pigment, exudates, aerial and submerged hyphae) and microscopic features (arrangement of spores and sporing bodies). Arrangements of conidiophores and […]
Biological safety cabinet (BSC) is an engineering control intended to protect laboratory workers, laboratory environment and work materials from exposure to infectious or biohazardous aerosols and splashes. Such aerosols and splashes may be generated while […]
Amies transport medium is a widely used and effective semisolid medium for the transportation of swab specimens to the microbiology laboratory. Placing swabs in a moist container or transport medium prevents drying and death of […]
Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic elements that replicate independently of the host chromosome. They are small, circular (some are linear), double-stranded DNA molecules (mostly) that exist in bacterial cells and in some eukaryotes. The sizes of […]
The autoclave is a sealed device (similar to a pressure cooker) that kills microorganisms using saturated steam under pressure. The use of moist heat facilitates the killing of all microorganisms, including heat-resistant endospores which is […]
Bacteriological analysis of water is one component of drinking water quality analysis. Water is screened for the presence of fecal contamination by testing for the presence of an indicator microorganism. Indicator microorganisms are ones that […]
Giemsa stain is a type of Romanowsky stain, named after Gustav Giemsa, a German chemist who created a dye solution. It was primarily designed for the demonstration of malarial parasites in blood smears, but it […]
Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth is a general-purpose liquid medium used for the cultivation and maintenance of a wide variety of fastidious and non-fastidious microorganisms, including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, yeast and molds from a […]
Gram staining requires the use of different chemical reagents which can be purchased in ready to use forms from commercial suppliers or gram stain reagents can be prepared at the laboratory by mixing different chemicals […]
Bacteria are often preserved in microbiology laboratory for many purposes such as to re-examine or to characterize further or to send to a national reference laboratory for confirmation etc. Selection of a particular storage method […]
Selenite broth is used as an enrichment medium for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from stool, urine, water and food products. It is the most widely used enrichment medium to isolate Salmonella Typhi from […]
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