Bordetella pertussis is a small Gram-negative coccobacillus. It is the causative agent of whooping cough (pertussis), an acute respiratory infection most common in children. Two species, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis cause pertussis in humans. Other members […]
Southern blotting is a molecular technique to find target DNA sequences in a sample. It is a multi-step process, that begins with the electrophoresis of DNA, transfer of DNA fragments into nitrocellulose strip, and exposing […]
Last updated on May 6th, 2021The Carba NP test (CNPt) is a biochemical test for the rapid detection (≤2 h) of carbapenemase production in Gram-negative bacilli. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommends Carba NP […]
Last updated on February 4th, 2021Neisseria meningitidis also referred to as meningococci are fastidious, aerobic Gram-negative diplococci with adjacent sides flattened (lens-shape/half-moon-shaped). Though it is a commensal of nasopharynx for immunocompetent individuals, it may cause […]
Macrolides are primarily bacteriostatic antibacterial agents that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding with 50S subunit of the ribosome. Members of the group include erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, dirithromycin, and telithromycin. Macrolides were originally derived from […]
Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against a wide range of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and several intracellular bacterial pathogens such as chlamydia, rickettsia, mycoplasma, etc. Tetracyclines are usually considered as bacteriostatic antibiotics. The […]
Electron microscope as the name suggests is a type of microscope that uses electrons instead of visible light to illuminate the object. Electromagnets function as lenses in the electron microscope, and the whole system operates […]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. It is a slightly curved rod arranged singly or in groups. Mycobacterium tuberculosis grows very slowly, taking up to 6 weeks for visible […]
Fluorescence microscopy is a type of light microscope that works on the principle of fluorescence. A substance is said to be fluorescent when it absorbs the energy of invisible shorter wavelength radiation (such as UV […]
Last updated on March 9th, 2021Corynebacterium diphtheriae also known as Klebs-Löffler bacillus is a Gram-positive bacillus responsible for causing diphtheria. Once a major cause of illness and death among children, diphtheria became a rare disease after […]
Last updated on April 24th, 2020Dark-field microscopy is a technique that can be used for the observation of living, unstained cells and microorganisms. In this microscopy, the specimen is brightly illuminated while the background is […]
Starch, the most important source of carbohydrate for human, is a polysaccharide mixture of two polymers, amylose and amylopectin, the latter being predominant. Amylose is a linear polysaccharide of several thousand α-D-glucose linked by 1,4-α-glycosidic […]
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