Corynebacterium diphtheriae also known as Klebs-Löffler bacillus is a Gram-positive bacillus responsible for causing diphtheria. Once a major cause of illness and death among children, diphtheria became a rare disease after the administration of vaccination. The […]
Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic, endospore-forming bacilli, often appear as boxcar shaped. It is mainly responsible for myonecrosis (gas gangrene), food poisoning, and gangrenous cholecystitis. Properties Gram staining: Gram-variable straight rods with blunt ends […]
Clostridium tetani is an obligate anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus with terminal round spore (drum stick appearance). It is the causative agent of tetanus, a vaccine-preventable disease that classically follows a puncture wound by a rusty nail […]
Clostridium botulinum is gram-positive, endospore-forming bacilli which resemble a tennis racket appearance due to the presence of spores at the sub-terminal end. It produces an extremely lethal neurotoxin called botulinum toxin and causes botulism, a […]
Bacillus anthracis, the most notorious pathogen of the genus Bacillus, is the causative agent of a serious zoonotic disease called anthrax. Anthrax is primarily a disease of wild and domestic herbivorous mammals. It is one […]
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming rod. It produces at least 12 different toxins, which are broadly classified as “major toxins” and “minor toxins”. Certain strains also produce enterotoxin and neuraminidase. These toxins are responsible for […]
Gram-positive bacteria retain the color of the primary stain (crystal violet) in the Gram staining procedure and appear as purple/violet under a light microscope. These bacteria have a cell wall containing a thick layer of […]
When vegetative cells of certain bacteria such as Bacillus spp and Clostridium spp are subjected to environmental stresses such as nutrient deprivation, they produce metabolically inactive or dormant form-endospore. Formation of endospores circumvent the problems […]
Bacterial spores are highly resistant, dormant structures (i.e. no metabolic activity) formed in response to adverse environmental conditions. They help in the survival of the organisms during adverse environmental conditions; they do not have a […]
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