Human antibodies are Y shaped, tetrapeptide glycoproteins made by two heavy chains and two light chains that are bound together by disulfide bonds. Like any other proteins, antibodies can act as an antigen, if injected […]
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the second most abundant class of immunoglobulin next to IgG, constituting about 10-15% of total serum immunoglobulin and it is the predominant immunoglobulin class in external secretions. IgA can exist as […]
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are special types of glycoprotein molecules that are secreted by well-differentiated B cells, called plasma cells. Antibodies specifically react with the antigens which stimulated their production. They are released from […]
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are defined as the antibodies derived from a single clone of plasma cell; all having the same antigen specificity, i.e. produced against a single epitope of an antigen. Polyclonal vs Monoclonal Antibodies […]
The function of Antibody (Ab) refers to the biological effect that antibody has on a pathogen or its toxin. In addition to binding an antigen (Ag), antibodies participate in various biological activities. Though they do […]
This antibody crosses placenta and plays an important role in protecting the developing fetus. If i can write only a single sentence to introduce IgG, the above sentence may be the most powerful sentence that […]
Immunoglobulin M (IgM), the largest pentameric immunoglobulin is used as a marker of recent primary infection for some diseases. IgM constitutes 5-10% of serum immunoglobulins in adults. IgM has half life of 5 days and can […]
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