Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic elements that replicate independently of the host chromosome. They are small, circular (some are linear), double-stranded DNA molecules (mostly) that exist in bacterial cells and in some eukaryotes. The sizes of […]
The autoclave is a sealed device (similar to a pressure cooker) that kills microorganisms using saturated steam under pressure. The use of moist heat facilitates the killing of all microorganisms, including heat-resistant endospores which is […]
Bacteriological analysis of water is one component of drinking water quality analysis. Water is screened for the presence of fecal contamination by testing for the presence of an indicator microorganism. Indicator microorganisms are ones that […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA) is used for the detection of carbohydrate fermentation. Reactions of KIA helps to include/exclude particular bacterial isolate in the family Enterobacteriaceae. If […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Leptospirosis (also known as weil’s disease) is one of the widespread zoonoses caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira and is found in virtually all tropical […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Mycoplasma is the smallest (0.2 – 0.8 micrometers) free-living bacteria (light microscopy cannot detect it) that can pass through some filters (0.45-μm-pore-size) used to remove bacteria. […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria of genus Klebsiella and family Enterobacteriaceae. They are members of normal intestinal flora of humans and animals and may be isolated from […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Proteus are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are widely distributed in nature and also occur as normal intestinal flora of humans. An opportunistic […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Gram staining requires the use of different chemical reagents which can be purchased in ready to use forms from commercial suppliers or gram stain reagents can […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Bacteria are often preserved in microbiology laboratory for many purposes such as to re-examine or to characterize further or to send to a national reference laboratory […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Haemophilus influenzae is a pleomorphic, gram negative coccobacillus which is divided into two groups: unencapsulated (non-typeable) and encapsulated. Encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae are further classified […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is one of the most common causes of pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis in children and adults both in developing and developed countries. S. […]
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