Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are defined as the antibodies derived from a single clone of plasma cell; all having the same antigen specificity, i.e. produced against a single epitope of an antigen. Polyclonal vs Monoclonal Antibodies […]
Common antigens (or antigens of similar nature) that are possessed by a variety of phylogenetically unrelated species are known as heterophile antigens. Antibodies induced by these antigens cross-react with individual heterophilic antigen, such antibodies are […]
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful molecular typing technique by which genomic DNA is isolated from the organism of interest followed by restriction enzyme analysis. The digestion products are then analysed on an agarose […]
Agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the most common electrophoresis technique which is relatively simple and straightforward to perform but possesses great resolving power. The agarose gel consists of microscopic pores that act as a […]
Bacteriological analysis of water is one component of drinking water quality analysis. Water is screened for the presence of fecal contamination by testing for the presence of an indicator microorganism. Indicator microorganisms are ones that […]
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