Capsule Stain: Principle, Procedure, and Results
Capsule staining detects bacterial capsules. Learn the India ink and Anthony's methods, clinically important capsulated organisms, and the Quellung reaction for pneumococcal identi...
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Bacterial Staining Technique
Lists of various staining techniques that are used to stain bacteria.
Simple Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results, and Uses in Microbiology
Simple staining uses a single basic dye to reveal bacterial cell morphology, size, and arrangement. Learn the methylene blue procedure, when simple staining is used over Gram stain...
Acridine Orange Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results, and Clinical Applications
Acridine orange is a fluorescent dye that detects bacteria in blood cultures, mycobacteria, fungi, and malaria parasites. Learn the principle, procedure, results interpretation, an...
Albert Stain: Principle, Composition, Procedure, and Results
Albert stain detects metachromatic (volutin) granules in Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a key presumptive identification test for diphtheria. Learn the two-reagent principle, step-by...
Endospore Staining: Principle, Schaeffer-Fulton Procedure, and Clinical Significance
Endospore staining detects heat-resistant bacterial spores in Bacillus and Clostridium species. Learn the Schaeffer-Fulton method, Dorner's method, spore position interpretation, a...
Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorochrome Staining: Principle, Procedure, and Results
Auramine-rhodamine is a WHO-recommended fluorochrome stain for detecting acid-fast bacilli, which is more sensitive than Ziehl-Neelsen and faster to screen. Learn the Truant method...
Gram Staining: Step-by-Step Procedure, Results & Interpretation Guide
Master gram staining: step-by-step procedure, results interpretation, clinical significance of each gram stain pattern, organism-specific appearances, quality control, and troubles...
Flagella Staining: Principle, Ryu and Leifson Methods, Procedure, and Results
Flagella staining shows the number and arrangement of bacterial flagella for species identification. Learn the principle, the Ryu wet-mount and Leifson dried-smear methods, the pro...
Ziehl-Neelsen Staining: Principle, Procedure, Grading, and Interpretation
The hot ZN acid-fast staining method step by step, why mycolic acid holds carbol fuchsin against acid-alcohol, WHO smear grading from scanty to 3+, and what a negative smear does a...
Staining Techniques in Microbiology: Which Stain for Which Specimen
A specimen-to-stain decision guide for the microbiology bench: which stain to use for TB, fungi, capsules, blood parasites, and more, with the principle behind each and links to fu...