Antibiotics are the main therapeutic tools to treat various bacterial infections. But today, more and more antibiotics are becoming less effective. It is because of the antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria due to the use […]
Generally, when people (either general public or a physician or laboratory personnel) listen/read the term “antibiotic resistance” they think that, a bacterium which was previously sensitive to a particular antibacterial agent has now developed resistance […]
World Health Organization (WHO) today published its first ever list of antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens” – a catalogue of 12 families of bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health. According to WHO, the list […]
McFarland turbidity standards are prepared by mixing various volumes of 1% sulfuric acid and 1% barium chloride to obtain solutions with specific optical densities. 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard provides an optical density comparable to the […]
The nitrocefin biochemical test is a sensitive technique for detecting beta-lactamase producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, Staphylococcus spp, Enterococcus spp and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Nitrocefin is the only reliable test for detecting beta-lactamase producing Enterococcus spp. […]
Epsilometer test (E- test ) is an ‘exponential gradient’ method of determination of antimicrobial resistance. The E-test has been developed to provide a direct quantification of antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms.This is a quantitative method that applies […]
Modified Hodge Test (MHT) is a simple phenotypic test for detection of presence of carbapenemase enzyme in bacteria. Positive MHT test is observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Metallo Beta lactamase (MBL) and the SME-1 […]
Stokes Disc Diffusion Technique varies from Kirby Bauer disc diffusion in the use of both control and test strain on a same plate. Stokes disc diffusion technique is not as highly standardized as the Kirby-Bauer technique […]
Cartridges containing commercially prepared antimicrobial discs specifically for susceptibility testing are generally packaged to ensure appropriate anhydrous conditions. Discs should be stored as follows: Refrigerate the containers at 8 °C or below, or freeze at -14°C or below, in […]
Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) is the best medium to use for routine susceptibility testing using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for nonfastidious bacteria (both aerobe and facultative anaerobe). Use of media other than Mueller-Hinton agar may result in erroneous results. Mueller-Hinton […]
Always remember: Antibiotic Susceptibility testing should be performed on clinically significant isolates, not on all microorganisms recovered in culture. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine use of modified Kirby-Bauer Method for routine antibiotic susceptibility testing. According […]
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