This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Haemophilus influenzae is a pleomorphic, gram negative coccobacillus which is divided into two groups: unencapsulated (non-typeable) and encapsulated. Encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae are further classified […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is one of the most common causes of pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis in children and adults both in developing and developed countries. S. […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Streptococcus pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to as strep throat. Acute diseases associated with Streptococcus pyogenes occur chiefly in the respiratory tract (sinusitis, otitis), bloodstream (sepsis, endocarditis, […]
This post was most recently updated on April 5th, 2018Neisseria is the only pathogenic gram negative cocci (precisely diplococci). Two species of Neisseria causes disease in humans; Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Human beings are […]
This post was most recently updated on January 24th, 2015Capsular polysaccharides: Neisseria meningitidis strains are frequently encapsulated and 13 different capsular serogroups have been found so far. These capsular polysaccharides protect the meningococci from the […]
This post was most recently updated on February 16th, 2019Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram positive cocci, typically lancet shaped and occurs singly, in pairs (diplococci) or in short chains. Main diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: Bacterial […]
This post was most recently updated on December 28th, 2015Exotoxins: Definition: Toxins that are released extracellularly as the organism grows are called exotoxins. Exotoxins may travel from a focus of infection to distant part of […]
This post was most recently updated on May 5th, 2019Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) is a commensal (normal flora) of gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E.coli are harmless, some even […]
This post was most recently updated on June 10th, 2016 Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are large group of mobile genetic elements that are associated with pathogenicity and are located on the bacterial chromosome. The concept of […]
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