MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. Historically, staph strains that are oxacillin and methicillin resistant are termed as MRSA. MRSA are resistant to all ß-lactam […]
Antibiotics are the main therapeutic tools to treat various bacterial infections. But today, more and more antibiotics are becoming less effective. It is because of the antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria due to the use […]
Generally, when people (either general public or a physician or laboratory personnel) listen/read the term “antibiotic resistance” they think that, a bacterium which was previously sensitive to a particular antibacterial agent has now developed resistance […]
On the occasion of “World Antibiotic Awareness Week 2016 (14-20 November 2016)”, my institution Patan Academy of Health Sciences-School of Medicine and Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU)-Nepal organized various programs. These programs aim to […]
McFarland turbidity standards are prepared by mixing various volumes of 1% sulfuric acid and 1% barium chloride to obtain solutions with specific optical densities. 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard provides an optical density comparable to the […]
A group of researcher published an article in “Nature” reporting the discovery of a new cell wall inhibitor, teixobactin, from a screen of uncultured bacteria grown in diffusion chambers in situ using “ iChip” technology. […]
Epsilometer test (E- test ) is an ‘exponential gradient’ method of determination of antimicrobial resistance. The E-test has been developed to provide a direct quantification of antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms.This is a quantitative method that applies […]
Modified Hodge Test (MHT) is a simple phenotypic test for detection of presence of carbapenemase enzyme in bacteria. Positive MHT test is observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Metallo Beta lactamase (MBL) and the SME-1 […]
Stokes Disc Diffusion Technique varies from Kirby Bauer disc diffusion in the use of both control and test strain on a same plate. Stokes disc diffusion technique is not as highly standardized as the Kirby-Bauer technique […]
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined when a patient does not respond to treatment thought to be adequate, relapses while being treated or when there is immunosuppression. Dilution methods can be carried out in 2 […]
Preparation of antibiotic stock solutions Antibitiotics may be received as powders or tablets. It is recommended to obtain pure antibiotics from commercial sources, and not use injectable solutions. Powders must be accurately weighed and dissolved […]
Always remember: Antibiotic Susceptibility testing should be performed on clinically significant isolates, not on all microorganisms recovered in culture. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine use of modified Kirby-Bauer Method for routine antibiotic susceptibility testing. According […]
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