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HomeAntibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic Resistance

Mechanism of macrolides
Antibiotic Resistance

Macrolides: Mode of Action and Mechanism of Resistance

July 7, 2020 Nisha Rijal 0

Macrolides are primarily bacteriostatic antibacterial agents that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding with 50S subunit of the ribosome. Members of the group include erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, dirithromycin, and telithromycin. Macrolides were originally derived from […]

Mechanism of Tetracycline Resistance
Antibiotic Resistance

Tetracyclines: Mode of Action and Mechanism of Resistance

July 2, 2020 Nisha Rijal 1

Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against a wide range of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and several intracellular bacterial pathogens such as chlamydia, rickettsia, mycoplasma, etc. Tetracyclines are usually considered as bacteriostatic antibiotics. The […]

Molecular structure of common beta-lactam antibiotics
Antibiotic Resistance

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action and Resistance

March 31, 2020 Acharya Tankeshwar 0

Beta-lactam antibiotics are those that contain 4-member, nitrogen-containing, beta-lactam ring at the core of their structure. This ring mimics the shape of the terminal D-Ala-D-Ala peptide sequence that serves as the substrate for cell wall […]

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Mininum Bactericidal Concentration
Antibiotic Resistance

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)

March 30, 2020 Acharya Tankeshwar 0

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowest concentration (expressed as mg/L or μg/μL) of an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the visible in-vitro growth of microorganisms. The MIC test determines the antimicrobial activity of […]

Antibiotic Resistance

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin): Mechanism of Action, Resistance and Uses

November 19, 2019 Acharya Tankeshwar 3

Glycopeptide antibiotics act primarily by inhibiting cell wall synthesis of bacteria but functions differently from beta-lactam antibiotics.  Vancomycin is the most important and commonly used glycopeptides, although teicoplanin is also available. Glycopeptides are active against […]

Antibiotic Resistance

MRSA: Emergence, Types, and Detection Methods

February 6, 2019 Acharya Tankeshwar 3

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. Historically, staph strains that are oxacillin and methicillin resistant are termed as MRSA. MRSA are resistant to all ß-lactam […]

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic Resistance: Origin, Causes, Mechanism and Prevention

May 30, 2017 Srijana Khanal 2

Antibiotics are the main therapeutic tools to treat various bacterial infections. But today, more and more antibiotics are becoming less effective. It is because of the antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria due to the use […]

Antibiotic Resistance

Lists of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance

May 14, 2017 Acharya Tankeshwar 2

Generally, when people (either general public or a physician or laboratory personnel) listen/read the term “antibiotic resistance” they may think, ‘a bacterium which was previously sensitive to a particular antibacterial agent has now developed resistance […]

Antibiotic Resistance

World Antibiotic Awareness Week Celebration

November 22, 2016 Acharya Tankeshwar 1

On the occasion of “World Antibiotic Awareness Week 2016 (14-20 November 2016)”, my institution Patan Academy of Health Sciences-School of Medicine and Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU)-Nepal organized various programs. These programs aim to […]

Antibiotic Resistance

Preparation of McFarland Turbidity Standards

June 9, 2016 Acharya Tankeshwar 16

McFarland turbidity standards are prepared by mixing various volumes of 1% sulfuric acid and 1% barium chloride to obtain solutions with specific optical densities.  0.5 McFarland turbidity standard provides an optical density comparable to the […]

Antibiotic Resistance

Teixobactin, a novel antibiotic: Introduction, Mechanism of Action and Uses

February 9, 2015 Acharya Tankeshwar 2

A group of researcher published an article in “Nature” reporting the discovery of a new cell wall inhibitor, teixobactin, from a screen of uncultured bacteria grown in diffusion chambers in situ using “ iChip” technology. […]

MIC by E-Test
Antibiotic Resistance

E-TEST ( Epsilometer test): Principle, purpose, procedure, results and interpretations

January 9, 2015 Acharya Tankeshwar 6

Epsilometer test (E- test ) is an ‘exponential gradient’ method of determination of antimicrobial resistance. The E-test has been developed to provide a direct quantification of antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms.This is a quantitative method that applies […]

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