Serotypes are groups within a single species of microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, which share distinctive surface structures. For example, all Salmonella bacteria look alike under a microscope but they can be separated into […]
Gram-positive bacteria retain the color of the primary stain (crystal violet) in the Gram staining procedure and appear as purple/violet under a light microscope. These bacteria have a cell wall containing a thick layer of […]
This post was most recently updated on January 15th, 2020Real-time PCR also called quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a variant of standard polymerase chain reaction in which amplification and simultaneous quantitation of a target DNA is […]
Nested PCR is a modification of PCR designed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the assay reaction. It involves the use of two primer sets directed against the same target and two successive PCR […]
Multiplex PCR is a variant of PCR method in which more than one target sequence is amplified using multiple sets of primers within a single PCR mixture. This enables amplification of several gene segments at […]
Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is a variation of the polymerase chain reaction that amplifies target RNA. Addition of reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme prior to PCR makes it possible to amplify and detect RNA targets. Reverse […]
Blastomyces dermatitidis is a thermally dimorphic fungus that grows as a mycelial form in the environment and as a thick-walled budding yeast in tissues (at 37°C). It causes blastomycosis, a chronic granulomatous and suppurative disease […]
This post was most recently updated on December 14th, 2019Tinsdale agar base medium was developed by Tinsdale for the selective isolation and differentiation of C. diphtheriae from diphtheroids. Billings later modified the medium improving its […]
This post was most recently updated on December 14th, 2019Traditionally, Cystine Trypticase Agar (CTA) supplemented with a 1% carbohydrate solution was used to determine acid production by Neisseria and related species. This test is no […]
Furazolidone (Furoxone) disk test is performed as a disk susceptibility procedure using commercially available furazolidone disks. Staphylococci are inhibited by furazolidone but micrococci and related species are resistant. This is one of the commonly used […]
Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii) is an opportunistic atypical fungal pathogen which does not respond to conventional anti-fungal agents*. P.jirovecii is an organism of low virulence which spreads through the air and causes […]
This post was most recently updated on November 30th, 2019The lac operon is a well-known example of an inducible gene network which regulates the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli. It encodes the […]
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