Legionella is a faintly staining gram-negative pleomorphic rod, responsible for causing Legionnaires‘ disease; a severe form of atypical pneumonia, and Pontiac fever. Legionella was first recognized in 1976 after an outbreak of pneumonia at an American […]
Filtration is the preferred method of sterilizing heat sensitive liquid and gases without exposure to denaturing heat. Rather than destroying contaminating microorganisms, it simply removes them. It is the method of choice for sterilizing antibiotic […]
Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic, endospore-forming bacilli, often appear as boxcar shaped. It is mainly responsible for myonecrosis (gas gangrene), food poisoning, and gangrenous cholecystitis. Properties Gram staining: Gram-variable straight rods with blunt ends […]
Clostridium tetani is an obligate anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus with terminal round spore (drum stick appearance). It is the causative agent of tetanus, a vaccine-preventable disease that classically follows a puncture wound by a rusty nail […]
Clostridium botulinum is gram-positive, endospore-forming bacilli which resemble a tennis racket appearance due to the presence of spores at the sub-terminal end. It produces an extremely lethal neurotoxin called botulinum toxin and causes botulism, a […]
Radiation is currently used for sterilization and decontamination in the medical supplies (surgical supplies, vaccines, and drugs) and food industries. Two types of radiations are available; ionizing and non-ionizing. Radiation sterilization is not widely used […]
Yersinia pestis is gram-negative rods responsible for highly fatal zoonotic disease, plague. Plague is one of the greatest killers known to mankind with at least three pandemics reported in history. It is transmitted to humans […]
Bacillus anthracis, the most notorious pathogen of the genus Bacillus, is the causative agent of a serious zoonotic disease called anthrax. Anthrax is primarily a disease of wild and domestic herbivorous mammals. It is one […]
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Other infections caused by Group B Streptococci include postpartum endometritis and bacteremia among pregnant women and pneumonia, endocarditis, skin […]
Phagocytosis is the ingestion of extracellular particulate material such as invading pathogens or dead/dying cells by phagocytic cells and is one of the important innate defense mechanisms. It is primarily conducted by specialized cells, such […]
Disinfection is a process whereby pathogenic organisms, but not necessarily all microorganisms or spores, are destroyed. Disinfection may be accomplished by physical or chemical means. A number of factors influence the activity of disinfectants such […]
SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM rapid test is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood (serum, plasma) from patients suspected of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM rapid […]
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