- API and RAPID ID For Microbial Identification
- ESKAPE Pathogens
- Killed or Live Vaccine, Which One to Choose?
- Relapsing Fever: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Infective dose (ID) and Lethal Dose (LD)
- Treponema pallidum: Properties, Pathogenesis, and Disease
- How do Probiotics work?
- Scrub typhus: Overview, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis
- Archaea: Characteristics, Similarities, Differences with Bacteria
- Spirochetes: Morphology, Classification, Disease
- Normal Flora of the Skin-Skin Microbiome
- Bacillus cereus: Morphology, Disease, Biochemical Tests
- Moraxella catarrhalis: Properties, Lab Diagnosis
- ESBL and Classification of β-lactamases
- Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease): Clinical Features, Diagnosis
- Enterococcus faecalis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Serratia marcescens: Properties, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis
- Phenotypic Methods for the Detection of Carbapenemases
- Demonstration of Treponema pallidum Using Dark-Field Microscopy
- Critical (Panic) Values in Microbiology
- Rejection Criteria for Microbiological Specimens
- Bordetella pertussis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Bacterial Quorum Sensing
- WHO AWaRe Classification of Antibiotics
- Bacteroides fragilis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Actinomyces: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis
- Carba NP Test (CNPt): Principle, Procedure, Results
- Francisella tularensis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Burkholderia pseudomallei: Properties, Lab Diagnosis
- Leptospira interrogans: Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Neisseria meningitidis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Macrolides: Mode of Action, Mechanism of Resistance
- Nocardia: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Legionella pneumophila: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
- Fluorescence Microscope: Principle, Types, Applications
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Clostridium perfringens: Properties, Diseases, Diagnosis
- Clostridium tetani: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Clostridium botulinum: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Yersinia pestis: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis
- Dark-field Microscopy: Principle and Uses
- Bacillus anthracis: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS): Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Listeria monocytogenes: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Factors
- Toxins of Clostridium perfringens and their roles
- pH Requirements of Microorganism
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action, Resistance
- Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)
- GasPak Anaerobic System: Principle, Application
- Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors: Roles in Pathogenesis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) Virulence Factors
- Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Production Test
- Bacterial Typing Methods: Aim, Attributes, Types
- Phage Typing Method: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Starch Hydrolysis Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Anaerobic infections: Etiology, Characteristics, Diagnosis
- Serotypes and Their Significance
- Gram-Positive Bacilli (Rods) and Diseases
- Rapid Carbohydrate Utilization Test (RCUT) for Neisseria
- Furazolidone Disk Test: Principle, Procedure Results
- Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC): Types and Working Mechanism
- Lac Operon: Mechanism and Regulation
- Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles
- Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors
- Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin)
- Bactec Automated Blood Culture System
- Ames Test: Mutagenicity Test for Carcinogens
- Antigens in disease diagnosis
- Plasmids: Properties, Types and Functions
- Bacteriological Analysis of Water
- Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA): Principle, Procedure, Results
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Properties, Disease, Diagnosis
- Klebsiella pneumoniae: Properties, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis
- Proteus species: Properties, Diseases, Identification
- Preparation of Gram stain Reagents
- Short Term Storage of Fastidious Bacteria
- Haemophilus Influenzae Virulence Factors
- Streptococcus Pneumoniae Virulence Factors
- Pus Sample: Collection, Processing, Staining and Culture
- MRSA: Emergence, Types, Detection Methods
- MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Principle, Applications in Microbiology
- Blood Culture: Indications, Timing, and Volume
- SEM vs. TEM Electron Microscopy
- Travelers’ Diarrhea: Causes, Prevention, Treatment
- Acinetobacter: Disease, Properties, Resistance
- Blood Culture Test: Information for the Patient
- Spread Plate Technique: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Most Probable Number (MPN) Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Antibiotic Resistance: Origin, Causes, Mechanism
- Bacteria Associated with Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance
- WHO: List of antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens”
- Pneumococcal Urinary Antigen Testing (UAT)
- Carbohydrate Fermentation Test: Uses, Principle, Procedure, Results
- Robertson’s Cooked Meat (RCM) Medium
- World Antibiotic Awareness Week Celebration
- Phenylalanine Deaminase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Microbes with Good and Bad Smell
- Pour Plate Method: Procedure, Uses, (Dis) Advantages
- Capsule Stain: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Thioglycollate broth
- Urea Breath Test (UBT) for H.Pylori
- Cary-Blair transport medium: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- McIntosh and Fildes’ Anaerobic Jar
- Streak Plate Method: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Preparation of McFarland Turbidity Standards
- X and V factor test for Haemophilus
- Löwenstein–Jensen (LJ) Medium: Preparation, Uses
- Pigment Producing Pathogenic Bacteria
- Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli of Medical Significance
- TPHA: Principle, Procedure, Results, Interpretations
- Oxidative fermentative (OF) test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence Factors
- Helicobacter Pylori Tests and Results
- GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay
- Quellung reaction: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Fecal Transplant: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Widal Test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Limitation
- Clostridioides difficile: Characteristics, Disease, Lab Diagnosis
- Staphylococcus vs. Micrococcus
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae vs. Neisseria meningitides
- Elek Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Difference Between Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell
- Streptococcus Pyogenes (GAS): Characteristics, Diseases, Tests
- Staphylococcus vs. Streptococcus
- Key Phrases Used in Microbiology Lab Reports
- Modified Oxidase Test (Microdase): Procedure, Uses
- Tests for Bacterial Motility: Procedure, Results
- Nagler Reaction (Lecithinase Test)
- Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux test): Principle, Procedure, Results
- Albert Stain: Principle, Procedure and Results
- Acetate Utilization Test: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Butyrate Disk Test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses
- Cetrimide Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Endospore Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results
- API 20E Test System: Results and Interpretations
- Complement Fixation Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Nitrocefin test: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorochrome Staining
- Voges Proskauer (VP) Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Decarboxylation Test: Types, Principles, Uses
- Hippurate Hydrolysis Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Lancefield Classification of Streptococci
- Tween 80 Hydrolysis Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Teixobactin: Introduction, Mechanism of Action, Uses
- ONPG: β-galactosidase Test
- Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Test
- Gram Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Nitrate Reduction Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Culture media for Salmonella typhi and paratyphi
- String test for Lab diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae
- E-TEST (Epsilometer): Principle, Procedure, Results
- Modified Hodge Test (MHT) for Carbapenemase Detection
- Stokes Disc Diffusion Method: Principle, Procedure, Results
- DNase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Atypical Mycobacterial Infections
- Hanging Drop Method for Bacterial Motility
- Toluidine Blue Staining in Microbiology: Procedure, Uses
- Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic E. coli
- Specimen Collection for UTI Diagnosis
- Etiology and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
- New York City Medium: Composition, Uses
- Methyl Red (MR) Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Gelatin Hydrolysis Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Microbiology Laboratory Safety Rules and Procedure
- Bile-Esculin test for Enterococcus species
- Salt Tolerance Test for Enterococcus species
- Ziehl-Neelsen Technique-AFB Staining
- Sodium Hypochlorite Centrifugation Technique to Concentrate AFB
- Broth Dilution Method for MIC Determination
- PYR Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- CAMP Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Trans-Isolate (T-I) Medium
- Handwashing and hygiene: Why do we wash our hands
- Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBT) for Brucella
- Brucellosis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Typhus Fever
- Vibrio Cholerae: Lab Diagnosis
- Chlamydia Infections: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
- Q Fever: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Catalase test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses
- List of Major sexually transmitted diseases and their causative agents
- Enterobacteriaceae Family: Common Characteristics
- Weil Felix Test: Principle, Procedure, Limitation
- Bacterial Transformation: Mechanism
- Colony Morphology of Bacteria
- Infectious causes of Cancer: Bacteria, Virus and Parasites
- Long-term storage of Bacterial Strains
- Lab Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- Microbiology Specimen Collection Guidelines
- Blood Culture: Key points for Lab diagnosis
- Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method
- Antibiotics used in routine Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)
- What does Susceptible, Intermediate, and Resistant Mean?
- Selection of Antimicrobials for Antimicrobial Testing
- Preparation of Antibiotic Stock Solutions and Discs
- How to store commercial antimicrobial discs
- Satellitism Test for Haemophilus influenzae
- List of Bacterial Diseases transmitted by insects
- RPR Test: Principle, Procedure, Interpretations
- Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Anti-streptolysin O Titer: ASO Test
- Lab Diagnosis of Meningitis-Key Points
- Inducible Clindamycin Resistance (D Test)
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae
- How to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae?
- Biochemical Tests to identify Mycobacteria, NTM
- Novobiocin Susceptibility Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- IMViC Tests: Principle, Procedure, Results
- MUG (Beta-Glucuronidase) Test for E. coli
- Common Cause of Bacteremia and Sepsis
- Guidelines for Routine Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST)
- Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar: Principle, Results, and Interpretation
- Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Disease, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Neisseria meningitidis Virulence Factors
- Laboratory diagnosis of Syphilis
- FTA-ABS Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- VDRL Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Clinical Specimens for Anaerobic Culture
- Importance of Gram Stain in Anaerobic Bacteriology
- Anaerobic Culture Media
- Extracellular and Intracellular Bacteria
- Chlamydia trachomatis: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis
- Shigella: Disease, Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Campylobacter Jejuni: Disease, Properties, Lab Diagnosis
- Optochin Sensitivity Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Bile Solubility Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Citrate Utilization Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Bacitracin Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus): Disease, Properties
- Wolbachia Bacteria may make mosquitoes resistant to malaria parasite
- Bacterial Growth Curve: Phases, Significance
- Oxygen Requirements for Pathogenic Bacteria
- Biosafety level 1 (BSL1) guidelines for teaching laboratories
- Biochemical Tests for Bacterial Identification
- Size, Shape, Arrangement of Bacteria
- E. coli: Only Bacteria that win records number of Nobel Prizes
- Culture Media: PH Indicators, Color of Colonies
- Motility Patterns of Bacteria
- Peptidoglycan: Structure, Function
- Transposons: Definition, Types, Functions
- Cytoplasmic Granules in Bacteria
- Teichoic Acid: Structure, Functions
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Layer
- Bacterial Pili (Fimbriae): Types, Functions
- Differences between Exotoxins and Endotoxins
- Flagella: Structure, Arrangement, Function
- Bacterial Spores
- Bacterial Capsule: Importance, Capsulated Bacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus: Disease, Properties, Lab Diagnosis
- Salmonella: Properties, Disease, Lab Diagnosis
- Escherichia coli (E. coli): Properties and Identification
- Pathogenicity Islands: Properties and Types
- Isolation of ESBL producing E. coli from Urine
- Variations in Gram Staining Results
- `Category A Infectious Microorganisms
- Food Poisoning: Definition, Causative Agents
- Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)
- Important Facts About Cholera
- Collection and Transport of Stool Specimens
- Urease Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Oxidase test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections, Pathogenesis
- Non-culturable Pathogenic Bacteria: Challenge to Lab Diagnosis
- Leprosy: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Coagulase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Indole Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Cultivation of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria
- Membrane Filter Technique
- Maintenance and Preservation of Pure Cultures of Bacteria
- Isolation and Enumeration of Bacteria
- Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Chicken Pox and Shingles
- Hepatitis B: Structure, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis
- Hepatitis A Virus: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Killed or Live Vaccine, Which One to Choose?
- Virus: Introduction and Structural Properties
- Ct Value in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR
- 5 Most Dangerous Viral Infections In History
- Antigen Testing for COVID-19: Principle, Procedure, Results
- mRNA Vaccine: What it is and How it works?
- Bacteriophage: Structure, Replication, Uses
- Cytopathic effect (CPE) of Viruses: Types with Examples
- Shell Vial Cell Culture
- Neutralization Test for Virus and Toxins
- Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) Test
- Embryonated Egg Cultures for Viruses
- COVID-19 Testing Kits That You Should Only Use According To FDA
- SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for the diagnosis of COVID-19
- Collection and Transport of Nasopharyngeal Swab
- Testing Methods for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
- SARS-CoV-2: Properties, Transmission, and Prevention
- Viral Transport Media (VTM): Preparation, Uses
- Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2: Diagnosis of COVID-19
- Antigens in disease diagnosis
- Bacteriophage Plaque Assay: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Replication, Pathogenesis
- Animal Cell Culture: Types, Applications
- Western Blot Technique: Principle, Steps, Uses
- Gaëtan Dugas is free from blame of AIDS Patient Zero
- Baltimore system of Classifications of Viruses
- Properties of Orthomyxoviruses and Paramyxoviruses
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue Viral Infection
- Zika virus: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis
- Monospot test: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus: Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis
- Seven Important Facts about Ebola Virus Disease
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Test: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease
- Prevention of Ebola Virus Disease
- Ebola virus Disease: Frequently Asked Questions
- Why does DNA virus replicate in the nucleus and RNA virus in cytoplasm?
- Prevention and Control of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHFs)
- Collection of Upper Respiratory Tract Specimens
- Infectious causes of Cancer: Bacteria, Virus and Parasites
- Measles virus: Structure, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Lab Diagnosis of Viral Diseases: Five Approaches
- Henrietta Lacks and Origin of HeLa Cells
- What makes some people resistant to HIV infection?
- Why Viral Nucleic acid (Genome) is unique?
- How does the influenza virus change so fast?
- Should I worry about bird flu?
- Why does influenza come back year after year?
- What is influenza, anyway, and why is it such a big deal?
- `Category A Infectious Microorganisms
- Interpretation of Hepatitis B Serologic Test Results
- Why HBcAg is not detected in Serum?
- Serological Diagnosis of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B virus infection
- Geological Names of Microorganisms and Diseases
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection
- Lab Diagnosis of Measles Virus Infection
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Rabies Virus Infection
- Laboratory diagnosis of HIV Infection
- Continuous Cell Line
- Structure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Poliovirus Vaccine: Salk and Sabin vaccine
- Poliomyelitis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Lab Diagnosis
- Mumps Virus: Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, Lab Diagnosis
- Influenza (flu) Virus: Introduction, Classification, Structure
- Rabies Virus: Structure, Pathogenesis
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Structure, Clinical Feature, Lab Diagnosis
- Adjuvants: Types and Functions
- Epitopes: Types, Function, Epitope Spreading
- Cells of the Immune System
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Antibodies: Structure, Functions
- mRNA Vaccine: What it is and How it works?
- Radioimmunoassay: Principle, Uses, Limitations
- Neutralization Test for Virus and Toxins
- Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) Test
- Phagocytosis: Mechanism and Steps
- Isotypes, Allotypes, and Idiotypes
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA): Structure, Functions
- Immunoglobulin Structure and Classes
- Immunochromatography/ Lateral Flow Immunoassay: Principle and Uses
- Herd Immunity: Types, Threshold, Usefulness
- Serotypes and Their Significance
- Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) test
- Antigens in disease diagnosis
- Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb): Harvesting, Types, Applications
- Heterophile Antigen: Examples, Diagnostic Applications
- Coombs Test: Types, Principle, Procedure, Results
- Function of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
- Difference between B Cells and T Cells
- Superantigen (SAg): Examples and Roles
- Antibodies in Disease Diagnosis
- T Dependent Antigen, T Independent Antigen
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG): Structure, Subclasses, Functions
- Innate Immunity vs. Acquired Immunity
- Primary vs. Secondary Immune Response
- MHC Class I vs. MHC Class II Protein
- Antigen and Factors Affecting Immunogenicity
- Complement Pathways: Types, Functions, Regulation
- Western Blot Technique: Principle, Steps, Uses
- The Vaccine Schedule: How Is It Determined And Why Is It Important?
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM): Structure, Properties, Functions
- Widal Test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Limitation
- Complement Fixation Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Ways to Boost your immunity level
- Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE): Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Agglutination Tests: Types, Principle, Uses
- Direct ELISA (Sandwich ELISA) Test for Antigen Detection
- ELISA Test: Principle, Materials, Procedure Results
- Cell Mediated Immunity
- Cytokines: Types and Functions
- Antigen-Antibody reactions: Agglutination and types
- Hymenolepis nana: Life Cycle, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis
- Trichrome Staining for Fecal Smears
- Taenia Solium: Life Cycle, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis
- Ascaris lumbricoides: Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Naegleria fowleri: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and Lab Diagnosis
- Types of Host and Host-Parasite relationship
- Parasitic Infections: Source of Infection, Mode of Transmission, and Prevention
- Toxoplasma gondii: Properties, Life Cycle, and Diagnosis
- Sabin-Feldman dye test: Principle and Limitations
- Antigens in disease diagnosis
- Foldscope: Paper Microscope
- Giemsa Stain: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Lab Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections
- RDTs for Malaria Diagnosis: Principle, Results, Advantages
- Giardia lamblia: Life Cycle, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis
- Entero Test (String test): Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Entamoeba histolytica: Life Cycle, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis
- Kato Katz Technique: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Lab Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infections
- NNN medium: Composition, Preparation, Results
- Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) Test
- Amoebic dysentery vs. Bacillary dysentery
- Taenia solium vs. Taenia saginata
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Procedure, Results
- Direct Saline and Iodine Wet Mount
- Nobel Prize-2015 for Discoveries related to Parasitic Disease
- Infective Stages of the Parasites (with examples)
- Buffy Coat: Definition, Preparation, Uses
- Relationship between sickle cell anemia and malaria
- Cellophane (Scotch) Tape Preparation for Pinworm Examination
- Lab Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis
- Infectious causes of Cancer: Bacteria, Virus and Parasites
- Wolbachia Bacteria may make mosquitoes resistant to malaria parasite
- Life Cycle of P. falciparum vs. P. vivax
- Formal Ether Sedimentation Technique
- Lab Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)
- Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology, Transmission, Prevention
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria
- Asexual Life Cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum
- Thick and Thin Blood Smear for Malaria Diagnosis
- Phase Contrast Microscope
- Thin Layer Chromatography
- Chromatography: An Overview
- Types of Microscopes and Their Uses
- Which Probiotics to Use?
- Working Mechanism of Light Microscope
- Parts of Microscope and Their Functions
- Microbial Jargons and Their Meaning
- Microorganisms with Probiotic Properties
- Probiotics, Prebiotics and Health Benefits
- Cell Wall–Deficient Bacteria
- Nutritional Types of Bacteria
- Archaea: Characteristics, Similarities, Differences with Bacteria
- Normal Flora of the Skin-Skin Microbiome
- Bacterial Quorum Sensing
- Electron Microscope: Principle, Types, Applications
- Fluorescence Microscope: Principle, Types, Applications
- Radiation Sterilization: Types, Mechanism, Applications
- Disinfection: Methods and Uses
- pH Requirements of Microorganism
- Gram-Positive Bacilli (Rods) and Diseases
- Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles
- Preparation of Gram stain Reagents
- Lab Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections
- SEM vs. TEM Electron Microscopy
- Spread Plate Technique: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Most Probable Number (MPN) Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Carbohydrate Fermentation Test: Uses, Principle, Procedure, Results
- Microbes with Good and Bad Smell
- Pour Plate Method: Procedure, Uses, (Dis) Advantages
- Capsule Stain: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Streak Plate Method: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Simple Staining: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- Taenia solium vs. Taenia saginata
- Staphylococcus vs. Micrococcus
- Difference Between Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell
- Key Phrases Used in Microbiology Lab Reports
- Some famous and notorious people, a microbiologist must know (Part-1)
- Buffy Coat: Definition, Preparation, Uses
- Endospore Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Microbiology Laboratory Safety Rules and Procedure
- Robert Koch and Koch’s postulates
- Catalase test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses
- Enterobacteriaceae Family: Common Characteristics
- What are the roles of Medical Microbiologist?
- Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method
- Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Types of Staining Techniques Used in Microbiology
- List of interesting infectious diseases and reason behind their funny name
- Biosafety Levels and Agents of Disease
- Common Cause of Bacteremia and Sepsis
- Henrietta Lacks and Origin of HeLa Cells
- Why is common cold so common?
- Why Viral Nucleic acid (Genome) is unique?
- Nobel Prizes for Research in Microbiology and Immunology
- Extracellular and Intracellular Bacteria
- Microbiologists Just Want to Have Fun
- Bacterial Growth Curve: Phases, Significance
- Biosafety level 2 (BSL2) guidelines for teaching laboratories
- Oxygen Requirements for Pathogenic Bacteria
- Size, Shape, Arrangement of Bacteria
- Amazing world of Microbes: Some Unbelievable Facts
- Career Opportunities for Microbiologist
- Motility Patterns of Bacteria
- Peptidoglycan: Structure, Function
- Cytoplasmic Granules in Bacteria
- Teichoic Acid: Structure, Functions
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Layer
- Bacterial Pili (Fimbriae): Types, Functions
- Flagella: Structure, Arrangement, Function
- Bacterial Spores
- Bacterial Capsule: Importance, Capsulated Bacteria
- Why Microbiology is the Most Interesting Subject
- Funny Name of Microorganisms
- Coagulase Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Galactomannan Test for Invasive Aspergillosis
- Mycosis: Etiology, Types, and Classification
- Candida auris: Transmission, Risk, Diagnosis, Treatment
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
- Mucormycosis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Treatment
- Sample Collections for Lab Diagnosis of Fungal Infections
- Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM): Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Blastomyces dermatitidis: Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Slide Culture for Fungi: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Pneumocystis jirovecii: Properties, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Antigens in disease diagnosis
- Aspergillus fumigatus: Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- Laboratory diagnosis of Fungal Infections
- Bird Seed Agar: Composition, Uses
- Histoplasma capsulatum: Properties, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis
- Cryptococcus neoformans: Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis
- KOH Preparation Test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses
- Candida albicans: Pathogenesis, Diseases, Lab Diagnosis
- Germ Tube Test: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Sabouraud Agar (SDA): Composition, Uses, Colony Morphology
- Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA): Principle, Composition, Colony Characteristics
- Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mounts
- Common Fungal Culture Media: Their Uses
- Microscopic Identification of Fungi (Yeasts, Molds)
- Sporotrichosis (Rose Gardener’s disease) Lab Diagnosis
- Dimorphic Fungi: Disease, Properties
- Scientists sequenced the genome of Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Why Epidermophyton does not infect hair?
- Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Production Test
- Tinsdale Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Amies Transport Medium
- Quality Control of Culture Media
- BHI Broth: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA): Principle, Procedure, Results
- DCA Agar: Composition, Colony Characteristics
- Selenite broth: Composition, Preparation Uses
- Bird Seed Agar: Composition, Uses
- Bismuth Sulfite Agar: Composition, Uses, Colony Morphology
- Chromogenic Culture Media: Principle, Composition, Results
- Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA): Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Thioglycollate broth
- Cary-Blair transport medium: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)
- Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar
- Modified Thayer-Martin Agar: Preparation, Uses
- Nutrient Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Sabouraud Agar (SDA): Composition, Uses, Colony Morphology
- Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA): Principle, Composition, Colony Characteristics
- Baird-Parker Agar: Preparation, Composition, and Uses
- Cetrimide Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar
- CLED Agar: Composition, Uses, Colony Characteristics
- Transport Media Used in Microbiology Lab
- Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar: Composition, Uses
- Common Fungal Culture Media: Their Uses
- New York City Medium: Composition, Uses
- TCBS Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Chocolate Agar: Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) Agar
- Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB Agar)
- Primary Purpose of Bacterial Culture Media
- Blood Agar and Types of Hemolysis
- MacConkey Agar: Composition, Uses, Colony Characteristics
- Mannitol Salt Agar: Uses, Results
- Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA): Composition, Preparation, Uses
- Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar: Principle, Results, and Interpretation
- Bacterial Culture Media: Classification, Types, Uses
- Filtration Sterilization: Types, Mechanism, Uses
- Radiation Sterilization: Types, Mechanism, Applications
- Disinfection: Methods and Uses
- Autoclave: Principle, Procedure, Types, Uses
- Ethylene Oxide (ETO): Properties, Mode of Action, Uses
- Moist Heat Sterilization: Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages
- Dry-Heat Sterilization: Principle, Advantages, Disadvantages
- Slide Culture for Fungi: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Giemsa Stain: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Preparation of Gram stain Reagents
- Capsule Stain: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Simple Staining: Principle, Procedure, Uses
- KOH Preparation Test: Principle, Procedure, Results, Uses
- Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) Test
- Acridine Orange Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Albert Stain: Principle, Procedure and Results
- Endospore Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorochrome Staining
- Gram Staining: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mounts
- Toluidine Blue Staining in Microbiology: Procedure, Uses
- Flagella Staining: Procedure, Results
- Ziehl-Neelsen Technique-AFB Staining
- Types of Staining Techniques Used in Microbiology
- Variations in Gram Staining Results
- Quality Control Strains (standard strains) and their Uses
- ESBL and Classification of β-lactamases
- Phenotypic Methods for the Detection of Carbapenemases
- WHO AWaRe Classification of Antibiotics
- Carba NP Test (CNPt): Principle, Procedure, Results
- Macrolides: Mode of Action, Mechanism of Resistance
- Tetracyclines: Mode of Action and Mechanism of Resistance
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action, Resistance
- Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)
- Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin)
- MRSA: Emergence, Types, Detection Methods
- Antibiotic Resistance: Origin, Causes, Mechanism
- Bacteria Associated with Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance
- World Antibiotic Awareness Week Celebration
- Preparation of McFarland Turbidity Standards
- Teixobactin: Introduction, Mechanism of Action, Uses
- E-TEST (Epsilometer): Principle, Procedure, Results
- Modified Hodge Test (MHT) for Carbapenemase Detection
- Stokes Disc Diffusion Method: Principle, Procedure, Results
- Broth Dilution Method for MIC Determination
- Preparation of Antibiotic Stock Solutions and Discs
- Guidelines for Routine Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST)
