[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fxLN3MUwXCdr5RPjwZYIDpOj8CHyjOmngWTgoKXPtZbg":3,"$fI8NNpCPy14xmBPr751LaK4p3k-3_z24_T7fHXnyJ0Bk":28,"$f3Ft0rKFJHppdzE-vuveecxx1BUcg9iOlMLtyzf_MJDg":73},[4,8,12,16,20,24],{"title":5,"slug":6,"path":7},"About Microbeonline.com","about-microbeonline-com","\u002Fabout-microbeonline-com",{"title":9,"slug":10,"path":11},"About Me","about-me","\u002Fabout-microbeonline-com\u002Fabout-me",{"title":13,"slug":14,"path":15},"Advertise with Us","advertise-us","\u002Fadvertise-us",{"title":17,"slug":18,"path":19},"Privacy Policy","privacy-policy","\u002Fprivacy-policy",{"title":21,"slug":22,"path":23},"Commonly Used Abbreviations in Microbiology","abbreviations","\u002Fabbreviations",{"title":25,"slug":26,"path":27},"Microbes","microbes","\u002Fmicrobes",{"type":29,"data":30},"blog",{"slug":31,"title":32,"description":32,"author":33,"createdDate":34,"lastUpdatedDate":35,"draft":36,"category":37,"tags":38,"image":39,"body":40,"_id":41,"related":42},"approaches-identification-fungi-based-microscopic-feature-yeasts-molds","Microscopic Identification of Fungi (Yeasts, Molds)","Acharya Tankeshwar","2014-01-26","2025-12-18",false,"mycology",[],"","If you observe a probable fungus in the culture plate, colony characteristics are first assessed to determine the broad group of the isolate. Once the initial observations are made, the following microscopic criteria are used to make a genus\u002Fspecies identification of the fungal isolate.\n\n1. If hyphae are observed, determine the structure of the hyphae. Are they:\n   1. Septate or aseptate\n   2. Branching (if so, at what angles) or not branching?\n   3. Pigmented or not pigmented\n   4. Even or uneven in width\n   5. Composed of arthroconidia or pseudohyphae\n   6. Determine the structure and derivation of fruiting bodies\n2. Visualize the type of conidiation:\n   1. The size and shape of the spores or conidia\n   2. The size, shape, and arrangement of the spores\n   3. Look for the presence of special diagnostic structures: pycnidia, cleistothecia, Hulle cells\n3. If only yeast cells are observed:\n   1. Note their size, shape, and arrangement.\n   2. Look for the presence of or absence of capsules.\n   3. Determine the type of bastoconidiation- are daughter cells single or multiple?\n\n**Presumptive identification of fungi based on Direct Microscopic Examination of material from Clinical Specimen.**\n\n1. Hyphae are relatively small (3-6 micrometer) and regular in size, dichotomously branching at 45-degree angles with distinct cross-septa: *Aspergillus* spp\n2. Hyphae irregular in size (6-50 micrometer), ribbonlike, and devoid of septa: Zygomycetes (Phycomycetes); *Rhizopus-Mucor-Absidia*\n3. Hyphae small (2-3 micrometer) and regular, some branching, with rectangular arthrospores sometimes seen: found only in skin, nail scrapings, and hair: Dermatophyte group (*Microsporum* spp, *Trichophyton* spp, *Epidermophyton* spp)\n4. Hyphae regular in diameter (3-6 micrometer), parallel walls, irregular branching, septate, dark yellow, brown or hyaline: *Phaeohyphomyces* spp, *Hyalohyphomyces* spp.\n5. Hyphae, distinct points of constriction simulating link sausages (pseudohyphae), with budding yeast forms (blastospores) often seen: [Candida spp](\u002Fcandida-albicans-pathogenesis-diagnosis\u002F)\n6. Yeast forms, cells spherical and irregular in size (5-20 micrometer), classically with a thick polysaccharide capsule (not all cells are encapsulated), with one or more buds attached by a narrow constriction: *Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus* spp., nonencapsulated.\n7. Small budding yeast, relatively uniform in size (3-5 micrometer), with a single bud attached by a narrow base, extracellular or within macrophages: *Histoplasma capsulatum*\n8. Yeast forms, large (8-20 micrometer), with cells appearing to have a thick, double-contoured wall, with a single bud attached by a broad base: *Blastomyces dermatitidis*\n9. Large, irregularly sized (10-50 micrometer), thick-walled spherules, many of which contain small (2-4 micrometer), round endospore: *Coccidioides immitis*\n\n**References**\n\n1. Ogasawara, Y., Hiruma, M., & Muto, M. (2003). *Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai zasshi = Japanese journal of medical mycology*, *44*(3), 217–220. \u003Chttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3314\u002Fjjmm.44.217>\n2. Grishkina, T. A., & Samygin, V. M. (2013). *Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika*, (4), 43–45.\n3. Erukhimovitch, V., Pavlov, V., Talyshinsky, M., Souprun, Y., & Huleihel, M. (2005). FTIR microscopy as a method for identification of bacterial and fungal infections. *Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis*, *37*(5), 1105–1108. \u003Chttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpba.2004.08.010>","b968846f-78b9-41ce-91c6-d3307c501593",[43,52,60,67],{"slug":44,"title":45,"description":46,"author":47,"createdDate":48,"lastUpdatedDate":49,"draft":36,"category":37,"tags":50,"image":39,"_id":51},"yeast-structure-reproduction-and-uses","Yeast: Structure, Reproduction, and Uses","Yeast structure, reproduction (budding, fission, sexual life cycles), and clinical relevance — how Candida and other pathogenic yeasts relate to general yeast biology, pseudohyphae formation, and why understanding budding matters for diagnosis.","Sushmita Baniya","2023-11-09","2026-06-26",[],"66bbb9db-83e1-4a92-96e1-69b13f321608",{"slug":53,"title":54,"description":55,"author":47,"createdDate":56,"lastUpdatedDate":57,"draft":36,"category":37,"tags":58,"image":39,"_id":59},"fungal-staining-methods-and-uses","Fungal Staining Methods and Uses","Fungal staining methods — complete comparison of 18 techniques including KOH, LPCB, calcofluor white, GMS, PAS, and India ink. Master reference table with organism-specific stain selection guide for clinical mycology.","2022-09-13","2025-12-29",[],"3cece13e-13fb-496d-8bb6-218edc7683ff",{"slug":61,"title":62,"description":63,"author":47,"createdDate":64,"lastUpdatedDate":57,"draft":36,"category":37,"tags":65,"image":39,"_id":66},"aspergillus-morphology-clinical-features-and-lab-diagnosis","Aspergillus: Morphology, Clinical Features, and Lab Diagnosis","Aspergillus: complete species comparison (fumigatus, niger, flavus, terreus, glaucus, nidulans), morphology identification guide, clinical disease spectrum, and lab diagnosis. With mnemonics for species differentiation and clinical decision framework.","2022-09-06",[],"94181257-89ac-4d77-9c7c-5501b245bb0b",{"slug":68,"title":69,"description":69,"author":47,"createdDate":70,"lastUpdatedDate":57,"draft":36,"category":37,"tags":71,"image":39,"_id":72},"dermatophytes-tinea-and-lab-diagnosis","Dermatophytes: Tinea and Lab Diagnosis","2022-08-21",[],"52860d62-3b61-4a6a-8302-68e61f0113fd",[74,80,84,87,91,95,99,103,107,111],{"slug":75,"name":33,"description":39,"image":76,"body":77,"_id":78,"postCount":79},"acharya-tankeshwar","\u002Fauthors\u002Facharya-tankeshwar.png","***Tankeshwar Acharya, MSc (Microbiology)***\n\n*Tankeshwar Acharya is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology at Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Nepal, where he has been teaching and practicing clinical microbiology for over 14 years. He is the founder of Microbe Online, one of the leading free microbiology education resources on the web, covering bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, and clinical laboratory diagnostics written from direct experience in both the classroom and the diagnostic laboratory.*","cbd6452a-a19b-480b-84af-ab189b6c6d09",441,{"slug":81,"name":82,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":83},"ashma-shrestha","Ashma Shrestha",81,{"slug":85,"name":47,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":86},"sushmita-baniya",32,{"slug":88,"name":89,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":90},"samikshya-acharya","Samikshya Acharya",20,{"slug":92,"name":93,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":94},"alisha-tripathi","Alisha Tripathi",5,{"slug":96,"name":97,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":98},"aastha-shrestha","Aastha Shrestha",10,{"slug":100,"name":101,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":102},"guest-author","Guest Author",2,{"slug":104,"name":105,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":106},"srijana-khanal","Srijana Khanal",18,{"slug":108,"name":109,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":110},"dr-poonam-acharya","Dr. Poonam Acharya",1,{"slug":112,"name":113,"description":39,"image":39,"body":39,"postCount":114},"nisha-rijal","Nisha Rijal",50]