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Malonate is an ionized form of malonic acid CH2(COOH)2, and its ester and salts. The medium for the malonate test contains sodium malonate. Malonate is a reversible inhibitor of succinate...

SXT (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) susceptibility testing differentiates group A and B streptococci from other hemolytic streptococci. Group A and B streptococci are SXT resistant, whereas other...

Lactobacillus MRS Broth test is used to test gas production by Gram-positive rods in a glucose-containing medium. MRS is an acronym for the authors of this publication (De Mann JD, Rogosa, and...

Cell-mediated immunity is one of two arms of adaptive immunity, the other being humoral or antibody-mediated immunity. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is a complex series of events that involve the...

Dermatophytes are keratinophilic and keratinolytic fungi. They can affect all keratinized body areas (hair, skin, and nails) and cause cutaneous mycosis (dermatophyte infection or dermatophytosis)....

A microscope is laboratory equipment that helps to view objects that are not visible to the naked eyes. There are various types of microscopes; light microscopes and electron microscopes are broad...