World Health Organization (WHO) defines “probiotics” as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a perceived health benefit on the host”. These...
Year: 2021
Although most prokaryotes cannot survive in nature without their cell walls, some do so naturally. These include the mycoplasmas, a group of pathogenic bacteria that causes several infectious...
Viruses are genetic elements that cannot replicate independently of a living host cell. Host cells provide energy and metabolic intermediates needed for the replication and synthesis of viral...
A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. This gives rise to a new genetic trait or a changed genotype. A cell or an organism that shows the effect of a mutation is called a...
All organisms require an energy source to drive energy-consuming life processes. Energy can be tapped from light or chemicals (organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals). The nutritional types of...
Archaea: Characteristics, Similarities, Differences with Bacteria
Cellular life on earth has evolved along three major lineages, called Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Comparative rRNA sequencing revealed these three distinct cellular lineages, also called domains....