Real-time PCR also called quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a variant of standard polymerase chain reaction in which amplification and simultaneous quantitation of a target DNA is done in the same PCR machine, using commercially available […]
Nested PCR is a modification of PCR designed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the assay reaction. It involves the use of two primer sets directed against the same target and two successive PCR […]
Multiplex PCR is a variant of PCR method in which more than one target sequence is amplified using multiple sets of primers within a single PCR mixture. This enables amplification of several gene segments at […]
Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is a variation of the polymerase chain reaction that amplifies target RNA. Addition of reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme prior to PCR makes it possible to amplify and detect RNA targets. Reverse […]
Blastomyces dermatitidis is a thermally dimorphic fungus that grows as a mycelial form in the environment and as a thick-walled budding yeast in tissues (at 37°C). It causes blastomycosis, a chronic granulomatous and suppurative disease […]
Tinsdale agar base medium was developed by Tinsdale for the selective isolation and differentiation of C. diphtheriae from diphtheroids. Billings later modified the medium improving its differential qualities and reproducibility. Moore and Parsons used Billings’ […]
Traditionally, Cystine Trypticase Agar (CTA) supplemented with a 1% carbohydrate solution was used to determine acid production by Neisseria and related species. This test is no longer recommended now and has been replaced by the […]
Furazolidone (Furoxone) disk test is performed as a disk susceptibility procedure using commercially available furazolidone disks. Staphylococci are inhibited by furazolidone but micrococci and related species are resistant. This is one of the commonly used […]
Identification of fungi depends largely on their macroscopic features (colony characteristics, growth rate, color, texture, diffusible pigment, exudates, aerial and submerged hyphae) and microscopic features (arrangement of spores and sporing bodies). Arrangements of conidiophores and […]
Biological safety cabinet (BSC) is an engineering control intended to protect laboratory workers, laboratory environment and work materials from exposure to infectious or biohazardous aerosols and splashes. Such aerosols and splashes may be generated while […]
Amies transport medium is a widely used and effective semisolid medium for the transportation of swab specimens to the microbiology laboratory. Placing swabs in a moist container or transport medium prevents drying and death of […]
Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii) is an opportunistic atypical fungal pathogen which does not respond to conventional anti-fungal agents*. P.jirovecii is an organism of low virulence which spreads through the air and causes […]
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