Last updated on July 1st, 2021Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA) is used for the detection of carbohydrate fermentation. Reactions of KIA helps to include/exclude particular bacterial isolate in the family Enterobacteriaceae. If an organism cannot ferment […]
Last updated on May 23rd, 2021The function of Antibody (Ab) refers to the biological effect that antibody has on a pathogen or its toxin. In addition to binding an antigen (Ag), antibodies participate in various […]
Last updated on June 11th, 2021Leptospirosis (also known as weil’s disease) is one of the widespread zoonoses caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira and is found in virtually all tropical and temperate areas of […]
Last updated on June 1st, 2021T cells and B cells are white blood cells that are important cells for adaptive immunity. Like all blood cells, they are made in the bone marrow. While B-cells mature in […]
Last updated on June 14th, 2021Aspergillus is a ubiquitous mold found throughout the world in air, soil, water, and decaying vegetation. It is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections mainly in people with impaired immunity (people […]
Last updated on June 1st, 2021Early diagnosis of fungal infection is critical for effective treatment. For many decades, culture, direct microscopy, and histopathology have been the foundation for the diagnosis of fungal infections. The severely […]
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