This post was most recently updated on April 28th, 2016Ethylene oxide (ETO) has been widely used as a low-temperature sterilant. ETO is a colorless gas that is flammable and explosive but it is liquid at temperatures below […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Robert Koch (1843-1910) was a German physician and scientist and the first person to prove that Bacterium are the cause of animal disease. Robert Koch was born […]
This post was most recently updated on January 29th, 2015Why DNA viruses replicate in the Nucleus? Once the nucleocapsid of DNA virus enters the host cell, it proceeds to the nucleus where it mimics the […]
This post was most recently updated on October 1st, 2019Of all the methods available for sterilization (killing or removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores), moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure […]
This post was most recently updated on August 26th, 2019Dry heat sterilization (killing or removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores) technique requires longer exposure time (1.5 to 3 hours) and higher temperatures than moist […]
This post was most recently updated on January 26th, 2015Mycobacteria are distinguished from other micro-organisms by thick lipid-containing cell-walls that retain biochemical stains despite decolourisation by acid-containing reagents (so-called ‘acid-fastness’). Advantages: Microscopy of sputum smears is […]
This post was most recently updated on September 17th, 2019Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method of Acid Fast staining technique is used to stain Mycobacterium species including M. tuberculosis, M. ulcerans, and M. leprae and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). […]
This post was most recently updated on January 26th, 2015Sodium hypochlorite centrifugation technique is used to concentrate the AFB present in sputum, as it increases the chances of detecting AFB in sputum smears. Sodium hypochlorite […]
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