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Home2013July

Month: July 2013

Bacteriology

Laboratory diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae

July 30, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 2

a. General considerations Most Haemophilus species are normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract of humans and other animals. The species of Haemophilus that most frequently cause human infections are H. influenzae (respiratory and invasive infections), […]

gram positive cocci streptococcus
Bacteriology

How to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae?

July 29, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 2

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) is a part of the normal nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal flora. It is an important etiological agent of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTI), bacteremia and septicemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is also associated […]

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Bacteriology

Key biochemical methods used to distinguish Mycobacterial group

July 22, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 0

Niacin test: All species of mycobacterium produces Niacin (nicotinic acid) and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis accumulates the most. A positive niacin test provides preliminary evidence that an organism that exhibits a buff-colored, slow-growing rough colony may […]

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Bacteriology

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM): Properties, Pathogenic genera and their diseases

July 22, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 0

We have already discussed the common properties and classification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) in previous blog post. In this post you can find information regarding pathogenic genera, their epidemiology and types of disease caused by […]

Bacteriology

Novobiocin Susceptibility Test: Principle, procedure and interpretations

July 21, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 7

Novobiocin test is used to differentiate coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) and presumptively identify the isolate as Staphylococcus saprophyticus  (novobiocin resistant).  It is usually performed on urine isolates (isolated from women of reproductive age groups) that are […]

IMViC Test results of Escherichia coli
Bacteriology

IMViC Tests: Principle, Procedure and results

July 21, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 23

Each of the letters in “IMViC” stands for one of these tests. “I” is for indole; “M” is for methyl red; “V” is for Voges-Proskauer, and “C” is for citrate,  lowercase “i” is added for […]

Bacteriology

MUG (beta-Glucuronidase) test for rapid identification of E. coli

July 20, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 3

MUG is an acronym for 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide. Escherichia coli produces the enzyme beta-D-glucuronidase. Beta-D-glucuronidase is a enzyme which hydrolyzes the beta-D-glucopyranosid-uronic derivatives to aglycons and D-glucuronic acid. The substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide is impregnated in the disc and is hydrolyzed […]

Mueller Hinton Agar
Bacteriology

Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA): Composition, preparation and uses

July 20, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 10

Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA)  is the best medium to use for routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for nonfastidious bacteria (both aerobe and facultative anaerobe). The use of media other than Mueller-Hinton agar may result […]

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Bacteriology

Bacteremia, septicaemia and most common cause

July 20, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 0

Pathogens of all four major groups of microbes- bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites may be found circulating in blood during the course of many diseases. Presence of bacteria in the blood is called Bacteremia. Bacteria […]

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Antibiotic Resistance

Guidelines for Routine Antibiotic Susceptibility testing (AST)

July 20, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 2

Always remember: Antibiotic Susceptibility testing should be performed on clinically significant isolates, not on all microorganisms recovered in culture. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine use of modified Kirby-Bauer Method for routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.  According […]

TSI Agar Test results
Biochemical tests in Microbiology

Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI): Principle, Procedure and Interpretation

July 16, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 82

Whenever you see the name of this test i.e. ‘Triple Sugar Iron Agar‘, you have to remember that it’s a test which has three sugar (lactose, sucrose, and glucose) and also iron; and it contains agar […]

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Bacteriology

Infectious disease associated with Haemophilus spp and specimen for culture

July 16, 2013 Acharya Tankeshwar 1

Haemophilus influenzae can cause many kinds of infections. Which can range from mild ear infections to severe diseases, like meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae bacteria most often cause pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis mostly in infants and children […]

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