Voges-Proskauer is a double eponym, named after two microbiologists working at the beginning of the 20th century. They first observed the red color reaction produced by appropriate culture media after…
Salmonella is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a Gram-negative bacilli, motile and non-lactose fermenter. The genus can be divided into two species (S. enterica and S. bongori),…
Enterobacteriaceae family contains a large number of genera that are biochemically and genetically related to one another. Many of the traditional or familiar bacteria are found in this family e.g.…
The cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is more complex than those of Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative bacteria contain an extra layer of cells called outer membrane or LPS…
Each of the letters in “IMViC” stands for one of these tests. “I” is for indole; “M” is for methyl red; “V” is for Voges-Proskauer, and “C” is for citrate,…
Campylobacter usually causes diarrhea (often bloody). It is the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, enterocolitis especially in children. It causes systemic infection (rarely) in children and debilitated adults. Systemic infections…
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer also called the outer membrane is the outer most layer present in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria. It is a characteristics feature of Gram negative…
